Friday 15th August 2025
Blog Page 18

Summer Eights preview: A dummy’s guide

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As Summer Eights approaches, excitement is building in college boathouses up and down the Isis. However, for those who are not lucky enough to be friends with rowers, the vast expanse of jargon can be rather confusing terrain. Never fear! Cherwell is here to explain…

Summer Eights was first held a few weeks before the battle of Waterloo, in 1815, and is now held in 5th week of every Trinity term. Beginning on Wednesday and ending on Saturday, boats line up in divisions of twelve, starting 130 feet apart, tethered to the bank until the final seconds by a 50-foot rope known as a bungline. Once the starting gun goes off, the aim of the race is to bump the boat in front, either by making physical contact, or by forcing the cox of the boat to concede to avert an imminent crash. Once a bump has occurred, the two boats involved are out of the race, and the next day the bumped boat will start below the boat that bumped it. If a bump occurs ahead of a boat, then this means that only by catching the boat which began the race three boats ahead can a bump be obtained – this type of bump is called an overbump. In this scenario, the boat which achieved the bump moves up three places and the bumped boat moves down three places.  

The starting order in the top four divisions is determined by the final results of the previous year’s racing. However, for the bottom three divisions, there is a qualifying ‘rowing on’ race in which the top 37 boats on the men’s and women’s sides get to compete. ‘Rowing on’ is held on the Saturday of 4th week, and this year saw a very competitive field. Whilst last year saw only one women’s crew and two men’s crews fail to qualify, this year five women’s crews and 21 men’s crews were told they wouldn’t be racing. In the bottom three divisions, the starting order is a randomised list of the 37 qualifying crews. As a result, those with very strong ‘rowing on’ times can begin below those with much weaker performances. This leaves some very strong boats in low starting positions for the first day of racing. One to watch on the men’s side are Balliol College M4 with their remarkable rowing on time of two minutes and thirty-three seconds, which was a full 32 seconds faster than Balliol M3’s time of 3.05. Balliol M4 will be starting in the lowest division of Summer Eights which will be racing at 12:45 on Wednesday. On the women’s side, Wadham College W3 qualified fourth in rowing on with an impressive time of three minutes and seventeen seconds, and will also be starting in the lowest ‘rowing on’ division, starting at 12.15.

At the top of the river, the battle for the headship is shaping up to be a close contest. In the women’s Division I, Christ Church College currently hold the headship with Wadham, University College, and Pembroke College giving chase. The men’s division one is led by Oriel College, with Christ Church, Keble College, and Wolfson College close behind. For the crew that is Head of the River on Saturday, the reward for their early starts and endless ergs will be the honour of processing through Oxford carrying an old wooden boat which they will ceremonially burn in their front quad. 

Racing starts on Wednesday 28th May and ends on Saturday 31st May, with races starting every half hour from 12.15 to 18.45 and all races starting one hour earlier on Saturday. Get ready for a great week of bumps racing and a weekend of parties once the boat club drinking bans lift on Saturday!

Watch out for our page where we’ll bring you the latest, updating with the live results as they come through.

“It is not my intention to resign”: Oxford Union president addresses crowd following indicative no confidence motion

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CW: Sexual assault and rape

Oxford Union president Anita Okunde insisted she had no plans to resign in her first public statement since an indicative motion of no confidence was passed in her leadership. A crowd of over 100 assembled in the Union’s Goodman Library on Monday afternoon to hear the speech, with several others speaking in support of the president too.

Whilst the indicative motion passed by the Standing Committee (TSC) had no substantive effect, it was accompanied by a public letter signed by eleven members of TSC calling for a public apology and for the President to resign. The letter claimed that the president had abused her power by briefly banning ex-president Israr Khan from the buildings, a move which was later overturned.

The speech was initially set to be delivered in a meeting of Consultative Committee – the weekly meeting of all members of the Union – but this was postponed four minutes before it was scheduled to begin. Only one of those who signed a public letter expressing no confidence in the president was present in the room.

In her statement, Okunde said: “I have been deeply disheartened by the false narratives that have emerged around a matter I had always hoped would be handled privately and in good faith. As President, I made repeated offers to discuss the situation with the parties involved – in the evening, the morning before the Standing Committee, and immediately after the meeting. 

“These offers were not taken up. It is unfortunate that we now find ourselves in a position where an issue that could have been resolved privately has become the subject of public discourse, not by choice but by circumstance.”

She went on to describe a “deeply disturbing” incident that she was informed had happened over the weekend. “I was told that a member of one of the Union’s committees – not the one in question today – was seen in a public bar violently stabbing a stuffed animal between the legs while saying it represented me.

“I have been in a state of shock ever since. But powered through whilst also managing physical pain and carrying out my responsibilities as President. Sadly, this is not the first time I or others have faced misogyny, threats, or discriminatory behaviour during my time at the Union.”

Following Okunde’s speech, multiple other individuals made statements in support of her, including ex-Treasurer Sarah Rana. She openly admitted that several people who were expressing no confidence were some of her “best friends”, but added: “I think it’s important that just because people are your friends, it doesn’t mean you don’t call them out when you think they’re wrong.”

Addressing the controversy over the banning of Israr Khan from the buildings, Okunde said she had apologised for the manner in which the move took place, but claimed that no apology was given in return.

On this, Khan told Cherwell: “It is very unfortunate that the President, instead of offering an apology for what she in private admits to have been wrong and an abuse of her power, on Monday put her ego before the interest of the Society.

“I am appalled by the President’s continued lies and refusal to take responsibility for her actions.”

After an extended round of applause in response to the president insisting she would not resign, she concluded her speech: “I remain committed to fostering a safe and inclusive environment for all our members. I have listened carefully to the Standing Committee’s concerns at the last meeting and answered all questions asked of me in full. 

“My focus now is on ensuring the smooth and responsible running of the remainder of term – and I intend to see that through.”

Top 5 Web Design Agencies in the UK in 2025

In 2025, a strong online presence is non-negotiable. Whether you’re launching a product or redefining your brand, choosing the right digital design agency can make all the difference. From user-centric websites to strategic branding, the UK’s top design studios are blending creativity with cutting-edge tech to deliver world-class results.

We’ve handpicked five of the best digital design agencies in the UK that are transforming ideas into immersive digital experiences. If you’re searching for a partner that can elevate your brand online, start here.

1. Fivecube Agency

Best for: Scalable digital products for startups

Fivecube is a forward-thinking Ukrainian digital design agency working with clients across the UK and the USA. With plans underway to open a London office, they’re positioning themselves as a strong player in the UK market.

Specializing in scalable web products for startups and innovation-led businesses, Fivecube brings deep expertise in Fintech, SaaS, and Web3. Their approach blends UX research, clean design, and agile development, ensuring each project is both high-performing and visually refined.

Why Fivecube is among the top design agencies UK brands trust:

  • Custom digital solutions for tech-driven businesses
  • Transparent communication and collaborative workflows
  • Sleek, user-focused, minimalist design style

2. KOTA

Best for: Creative brands looking for bold web design

KOTA is a creative digital design agency celebrated for its artistry and innovation. Their websites are vibrant, dynamic, and often push the envelope in terms of layout and visual storytelling.

From Penguin Books to Jamie Oliver, KOTA’s client list reads like a who’s who of modern UK brands. Their multi-disciplinary team bridges the gap between design and strategy, making them a go-to for companies looking to stand out online.

Why they’re one of the best digital design agencies in the UK:

  • Artistic flair combined with technical precision
  • Seamless integration of branding and UX
  • Robust digital marketing support alongside design

3. Design Bridge and Partners

Best for: Global brand systems with high-impact design

Design Bridge and Partners brings decades of experience to the digital table. With a refined aesthetic and strategic mindset, they’re often considered a best digital design agency UK and global brands rely on to shape enduring visual identities.

Their portfolio includes work for global giants like Mastercard and Diageo, showcasing a deep understanding of inclusive, scalable brand design. Whether you’re building a new product or repositioning an old one, they offer unmatched creative depth.

What puts them among top digital design agencies in UK:

  • World-class branding systems
  • Multi-sensory and inclusive design strategies
  • Global perspective with local insight

4. Only Studio

Best for: Ethical brands and minimal design

Only Studio might fly under the radar, but they’re one of the most refined digital design agencies in the UK. Focused on purpose-driven clients, they craft brands and websites that are thoughtful, emotionally resonant, and environmentally conscious.

As a Certified B Corp, their commitment to design that does good is clear. Their minimalist style and strategic thinking make them a favorite among educational institutions, cultural projects, and forward-thinking companies.

Why Only Studio is a best design agency UK brands trust:

  • Values-aligned design methodology
  • Clean, emotionally engaging visuals
  • Strong emphasis on accessibility and sustainability

5. Deep

Best for: High-impact storytelling and brand experience

Deep is a multidisciplinary digital design agency in UK that specializes in brand transformation. Their services go beyond design—they craft narratives that flow through UX, branding, and content.

Their portfolio includes projects for Aston Martin and Heal’s, reflecting their ability to blend luxury with functionality. Deep is ideal for brands looking for a partner that understands not just how to design, but how to communicate meaning through every digital interaction.

Why they’re a top pick for best digital design agency UK:

  • Expertise in brand storytelling
  • Versatility across industries and formats
  • Strong balance of visual and verbal identity

Final Thoughts

The UK continues to lead the way in digital creativity, thanks to a diverse ecosystem of agencies that prioritize user experience, storytelling, and performance. Whether you’re drawn to bold visuals or strategic simplicity, these five agencies are the cream of the crop when it comes to hiring a digital design agency in the UK.

From fast-scaling startups to legacy brands seeking a refresh, partnering with the best design agency UK offers can take your digital presence from average to extraordinary.

Somerville first college to speak out since Supreme Court trans ruling

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Somerville College affirmed its solidarity with trans students in a statement today. 

The intervention makes Somerville the first Oxford college to react publicly to the Supreme Court’s April ruling on the legal definition of a woman. Only the central University had previously published an update which noted they were “carefully reviewing [our] policies and practices concerning transgender inclusion and equality… [including] existing facilities across our estate”. 

Somerville’s statements highlighted that the college’s “ethos has always been and will always be to include the excluded”. 

It continued: “As an inclusive community, we see trans rights and women’s rights not in opposition to each other, but as part of the same struggle for dignity, equality, and human rights that we are proud to support”. 

They nonetheless recognised that “naturally [we] will always uphold the law”. 

The statement comes after a motion passed by students in the newly-established Conference of Commons Rooms (CCR) urging the University not to adopt “regressive” changes to trans policies. During discussion over this motion, concerns were raised over the possibility of colleges taking different approaches from one another. Some suggested this would only exacerbate the uncertainty for trans students. 

At the start of term, hundreds of students, staff, and local residents took to the streets of Oxford to protest the Supreme Court’s decision. 

The University has said it is awaiting an updated code of practice from the Equality and Human Rights Commissions (EHRC), due to be published by the end of June. Somerville acknowledged that some students would be “feeling fear and uncertainty” ahead of these new guidelines. 

The college additionally promised to meet with transgender students and staff to discuss next steps for support. The statement reiterated that their commitments to championing “the rights and freedoms” of trans and non-binary would not change with the Supreme Court’s judgment. 

Somerville JCR was contacted for comment.

When did we learn to stop yearning?

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Somewhere between ghosting culture and a thousand unread texts, between lockdown-induced alienation and dopamine-fuelled TikTok scrolling, we stopped yearning, and emotional repression became a lifestyle. We wear our indifference like a Gucci belt, which is functional, fashionable, and utterly devoid of heat. It is not just apathy; it is emotional taxidermy.

In Pride and Prejudice, Darcy says, “You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you.” That kind of chest-thumping, full-throated romantic idiocy would get you exiled to cringe-Tok in 2025. These days, if you tell someone how ardently you admire and love them, they block you and call you manipulative. We have mistaken detachment for depth. People, especially men, have been taught that the ability to suppress emotion is somehow a form of maturity. But that’s not maturity. That’s emotional Botox. Sure, it smooths out the mess of feeling, but it leaves you numb. Maturity is not the refusal to care but the ability to survive caring.

A collapse in communication is happening around us, and no one wants to name it. So here I am, naming it: emotional immaturity dressed in stone-cold vibes. Men, in particular, have become casualties of a culture that told them to be strong and then removed all the ways they could express strength in a healthy way. The old ‘provider’ role is dying, and nothing clear has replaced it. So they become silent, scrolling, watching, and withholding. Freud would have had a field day.

To psychoanalyse this digital frostbite, repression is no longer an accident; it’s a method that certainly protects us from heartbreak, but also from meaning. In Freudian terms, the libido has been sublimated not into works of art but seven-second videos and ironic memes. We have stopped creating catharsis and started recycling it. If yearning was the soul’s way of articulating its hunger, we have placed that hunger on a strict intermittent fasting diet. No wonder so many situationships end without ever beginning. We don’t date anymore: we merely orbit. We do not confront: we leave on read. Silence used to be golden, and now, it’s passive-aggressive.

Before anyone asks, no, this discussion is not about me. This conversation concerns the guy who ignored you all night at Spoons because making eye contact would have revealed the gaping hole in his sense of self. This is about the group chats, where no one says how they feel until 2:41am on a Thursday, when someone finally asks “Guys, are we OK?” before deleting it two minutes later. This is about our collective refusal to yearn.

Poetry used to be written because things were hard, because yearning had nowhere else to go. People wrote about longing for someone they could never have, even while living in a world where women could not vote and men died at war. Yet there was a feeling there, a complicated, ungovernable, sincere feeling. We now have a society where gender equality has found a more secure footing, but everyone is emotionally constipated. Was it the pandemic? Or was that just a tipping point? Boys, in particular, have been socialised into this stoicism-lite for decades, and now it has metastasised. They are not allowed to feel, so they perform not-feeling. And the scary part is that they are getting good at it. Women, too, are catching the contagion. Why show softness when it is only ever read as weakness?

Indifference is not cool or aesthetic, it’s just sad. We’re all so busy pretending not to care that we’ve forgotten what it feels like to care deeply. To yearn is to risk, yes. But it’s also when we feel most alive. We don’t write love letters anymore; we send memes. We don’t say, “I miss you,” we say, “LOL, this reminded me of you,” and hope they hear the ache buried inside the emoji. What is tragic is not that people are single; it’s that so many are unreachable. The people we meet are already armoured. Vulnerability is so rare now that it feels like a glitch in the simulation, and is, honestly, unsettling.

Indifference, crucially, is not just a passive state, it’s a performance. It’s curated silence, the carefully timed “seen” notification, the slow drip-feed of attention that suggests power without presence. It’s a cultivated distance that says: “I could care, but I won’t.” This is not detachment born of peace; it’s theatre born of fear. We rehearse emotional coolness like a role we’re desperate to play convincingly, convinced that sincerity is embarrassing and warmth is a weakness. The result is a generation fluent in the aesthetics of aloofness but starved of genuine intimacy. We don’t just repress; we brand the repression and hope someone finds it desirable.

This behaviour is not just a cultural phenomenon; it is also political. Indifference is a tool of neoliberalism. If you cannot care deeply, you will not protest sincerely. You will not demand better from governments, lovers, or yourself. Emotional numbness is how systems of power survive.

So, no, this is not a personal spiral, but a soft, yearning, defiant call to arms. Write poetry. Send cringey texts. Burn things. Say “I miss you” and mean it. Bring back the yearning. If we don’t, we will lose our connection and the very essence of what makes us human.

Oxford department launches programme offering ‘exclusive Oxford experience’

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Oxford University’s Department of Politics and International Relations (DPIR) has launched a new Geopolitical Risk Programme, offering an “exclusive Oxford experience” for its attendants this November.

The programme, which will be hosted at Rhodes House, will cost each participant £6,900, which includes accommodation for both nights of the stay as well as catering, a welcome reception, academic sessions, and a tour of the city. The keynote speech on the first evening of the two-night programme will be delivered by the University Chancellor, Lord Hague, who has publicly endorsed the Geopolitical Risk Programme. 

On the aims and motivation behind the new Geopolitical Risk Programme, a DPIR spokesperson told Cherwell that the “DPIR felt strongly that it could leverage the excellent and world leading expertise of its broad teaching mission to support organisations that need to anticipate and adapt to global risks.”

Participants will benefit from teaching by leading academics in the department and interactive seminars. A DPIR spokesperson told Cherwell that participants will “gain a deeper understanding of how political, economic, and societal forces interact to create risk and opportunity in today’s interconnected world whilst offering strategic insight into global political risk and uncertainty.

Places on the programme are limited to 30, and the DPIR will consider mid-to-senior professionals from across all sectors and backgrounds, though this will be on a first-come, first-served basis. The department is planning to host more sessions of the programme next year, though the dates are yet to be announced.

The DPIR describes one of the selling points of the programme as its “immersive intellectual atmosphere”, given Oxford ranks second in the world for Politics, and first in the UK. Among the academics giving seminars are Professor Desmond King and Professor Jane Green, both of Nuffield College, who will deliver seminars on US domestic policies under Trump, and socioeconomic changes in British voting.

The DPIR told Cherwell: “We live in a world that is currently defined by political uncertainty, economic volatility, and geopolitical tensions. DPIR felt strongly that it could leverage the excellent and world leading expertise of its broad teaching mission to support organisations that need to anticipate and adapt to global risks. 

“This two and a half day, in-person programme brings together world-leading Oxford academics and leaders in the public and private sector to explore the key geopolitical challenges shaping decision-making across a variety of sectors. Through interactive seminars, participants will gain a deeper understanding of how political, economic, and societal forces interact to create risk and opportunity in today’s interconnected world whilst offering strategic insight into global political risk and uncertainty.”

Mini-crossword: TT25 Week 4

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Created using the free cross word creator from Amuse Labs

Previous mini-crosswords this term:

Follow the Cherwell Instagram for updates on our online puzzles.

For even more crosswords and other puzzles, pick up a Cherwell print issue from your JCR or porters’ lodge!

Review: Fiddler on the Roof – ‘Bringing the beloved production to life’

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Fiddler on the Roof has been performed thousands of times since its 1964 opening, and, courtesy of The Eglesfield Musical Society, has now been performed four more times in a garden of The Queen’s College. While its first night was not without its issues on both the technical and musical sides, it was truly a delight to listen to and watch.

Competing for my attention with the Fellow’s Garden, which lay immersed in a golden sunset and backdropped by an ornate 17th-century library, the cast entered and quickly won me over with their shamelessly danceable rendition of ‘Prologue: Tradition’. While the central character Tevye (Jacob Ostfeld) set the scene alone on stage, he was accompanied by the violinist Isabel Lesser playing the title character in a first floor window off to the right, who would later join the rest of the cast as they paraded into the first musical number. 

The on-stage musical soloists were well chosen. The aforementioned fiddler punctuated the narrative with smooth performances that did not waver regardless of her movement around or proximity to the stage and orchestra, and provided a sombre mood to the beginning and end of the musical. Her placement off-stage up in the window was a nice touch; I take it that the roof was out of the question. 

The clarinettist Matthew Rogers was fantastic and deserves special mention here, since the title gives them no credit. Standing stage right with one foot planted proudly on a chair, they played skilful melodies as well as shorter runs over the more energetic numbers with so much charisma that they have become a contender for my favourite character. Despite being quite far from the stage-facing screen which displayed the conductor live, their playing remained in time with the rest of the ensemble. They even joined in on the action during the wedding scene, giving out silver plates and exaggeratedly crying during the speeches, which gave me a giggle. 

The rest of the orchestra was generally strong, the brass and woodwind sections warranting mention for their pretty flawless accompaniment. The higher and lower strings occasionally seemed a little out of time with each other, but the percussion section especially could use practice. The snare was noticeably untethered to the beat, causing a few head turns. This problem was at its worst during ‘To Life’ – a raucous, joyful, high tempo song set in a bar celebrating Lazar’s engagement (played by Charlie Bach). As the townsfolk united in dance, all attention should have been on the choreography and the bouncy upbeats, which the snare should have emphasised, but it was unavoidably distracting as the punch of the drum missed the beat and instead hit the audience around the ear. In addition, there were a couple of comically incongruent triangle hits during the play’s regular dialogue. Overall, though, the instruments were played very accurately, capturing the music’s folk roots and coping well with tempo changes (aside from their less-than-perfect return after the intermission with ‘Entr’acte’, which evoked the atmosphere of a haunted circus).

Among the cast, there wasn’t a single weak voice. They suited styles ranging from genre-typical musical theatre singing to more choral pieces like ‘Sunrise, Sunset’. Harmonising beautifully, every singer worked well in tandem with the others, with some extravagant vibrato thrown in too. All of this was while jumping around, running, and dancing, which somehow didn’t leave them out of breath. 

The choreography, arranged by Magdalena Lacey-Hughes, was very fun, with plenty of bouncing and amusing prop usage. While this sometimes brought its own complications, the actors carried on without issue. During ‘Matchmaker, Matchmaker’, for example, three of the sisters (Sydney Haskins, Emma Leibowitz, and Nicole Palka) pass their mops to one another. One missed a throw to the second, but the third caught it and passed it along without missing a beat. When doing the same dance, the actors were often a little out of sync, with one or two starting or ending late or early. 

By that same token, however, the cast really came to life when they were let off their leash and set free to each dance or act individually as part of a crowd. It genuinely felt alive when the stage was filled with a backdrop of many people conversing, working, or dancing in their little groups. This was especially true during the unforgettable wedding scene, when the crowd joined in with their clapping and cheering. Some people were forced to join in, picked from the crowd for short dances, which they seemed to enjoy – a cruel way to make me sweat anxiously at the thought of participation. The actors always looked like they had something to do and worked engagingly with physicality, for which I commend them as well as the director, Hannah Davis, and assistant director, Phoenix Barnett.

Jacob Ostfeld and Anneka Vetter gave outstanding performances as Tevye and the Matchmaker Yente respectively, both charming the crowd with melodramatic line deliveries, large movements, and exaggerated expressions. It was a shame to see so little of Vetter. Despite having had little time on stage, her characterful way of speaking and gesticulating at one point earned her a mid-scene applause break as she exited. Ostfeld was brilliant, his performance impressive with its range. He played moments of seriousness with the soberness they deserve and moments of pantomime-like cheese without ever being too hammy. As he stomped onto stage the first time with his cart, I could feel his steps through the dirt. A memorable moment of skill came when he skipped a verse of ‘If I Were a Rich Man’, quickly apologised in-character, and jumped back in so flawlessly in coordination with the orchestra, who also took it in their stride, that I honestly wasn’t sure if that was part of the song.

The costumes were a muted rainbow of earthy reds, browns, and greens, all in-keeping with the setting. Constrained by the historic garden, the production managed to integrate itself neatly into the space, with three islands of raised staging separated by the ground (designed by Kathrine Surgay). Seating was split down the middle, allowing actors to come by and drag the audience into the story. During ‘Tevye’s Dream’, the bed was not placed on the stage, but on the ground, leaving many viewers to watch the backs of people’s heads, rather than the sleepy couple. However, it’s fair that they didn’t want to lift it all the way up, and I had a great time admiring the haircut of the person in front of me anyway. The lighting was utilised well to portray warmth or a lack thereof (designed by Felix Gibbons), but the slow spotlights occasionally left characters speaking in the dark. 

The sound system left something to be desired. The microphones were necessary, ensuring that the voices of the actors, the music of the orchestra (sat far in the back), and the playing of the violinist (in the window) would not be lost in the open air, but they picked up a lot of breathing, wind, and page turning. In Act 2, an infrequent chirp would play over the speakers during musical numbers. Everyone did an admirable job of continuing through these interruptions, as well as those caused by proximity to High Street. The noise of reversing vehicles and the emergency services did not interrupt their depiction of early 19th century Imperial Russia.

I loved this production. Supported by a brilliant cast, a generally excellent orchestra, a great creative team, and a dedicated crew, it was a standout evening. While there were some hiccups, those can be forgiven as opening night woes. Enveloped by the music and a warm coat, I found myself immersed in The Eglesfield Musical Society’s commendable production.

International students enrich, not endanger, our universities

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The first line of the “About” page on the University of Oxford’s website makes a claim for the institution’s central focus on internationalism: “Oxford is a world-leading centre of learning, teaching and research.” Despite the fact that the University consciously fashions itself as a world leader, proudly promoting its international profile and multicultural scholarly community as a strength which is “unlike that of any other university”, xenophobic sentiment amongst the student population is rising.

It is true that the proportion of international students in the United Kingdom has risen to 26%, partially as a result of the exorbitant international fees that these scholars from abroad pour into UK institutions. Furthermore, these international fees, to a certain extent, make universities more accessible to less-privileged home students by supplementing their fees which are capped by the British government. It is, however, disappointing to see increasing globalisation framed as solely due to these financial considerations. Especially at purportedly proudly multicultural institutions like Oxford, it is hypocritical and reductive to discuss the systemic flaws of the British university system as if it mainly victimises British students. 

Whenever an anti-international moral panic seems poised to ensnare British students and taxpayers, it is important to humanise “the international student” with an individualised account. As a South African student, I sought tertiary education in Britain due to the extreme lack of funding for my subject area in the humanities back home – a situation which Britain directly contributed to as a colonial power, and still unapologetically profits from culturally and fiscally. 

I rarely see students like myself – hailing from developing nations with already-crippling international fees compounded by unfavourable interest rates – represented in these conversations. Even when some of our families have to scrape together years of savings and make immense sacrifices to afford a British education, we are erroneously reduced by mainstream political discourse to a bottomless wallet. 

The University and student body often claim to be committed to decolonisation and diversification, hence the “Uncomfortable Oxford” walking tours and the removal of statues and portraits of slave owners, yet there is a worrying lack of accountability when the time might come for a British student to make what they perceive as a sacrifice. When both elite British universities have historically accrued wealth through imperialist investments, how ethical is it to prioritise giving exceptional academic opportunities to British citizens over international students simply because of where they were born? Even average Britons benefit from a higher quality of life and financial freedom than the majority of the world. The Global South may not pay taxes to the British government (anymore), but they often pay dearly for the privileged lifestyles which have become normalised in the North. The South, for instance, disproportionately shoulders the negative impacts of climate change, all while struggling to recover from the atrocities committed by European colonialists.

Of course many international students come from wealthier countries and personal backgrounds, not all of which are shadowed by colonialism, but this is not to say that these students are undeserving of the uniquely exceptional resources and training Oxford has to offer, which may still be superior to the offerings of their home countries. To imply that an international student is only offered a place because of their increased fees does a gross disservice to their intelligence, tenacity, and holistic potential. 

Clearly, there are deep injustices of the current university admissions and funding system, but pitting international and domestic students against one another is a misguided response. If we can agree that the main functions of a university are to provide high-quality education and to produce cutting-edge research, it is in our best interests as a global community to ensure that the brightest thinkers gain access to it, regardless of nationality. 

I have concerns that closed-minded, “us vs. them” rhetoric about university access can be a slippery slope to the kinds of extreme right-wing views espoused by President Trump in his de-globalisation efforts. International students do not swoop in and snatch opportunities away from British students any more than immigrants come to maliciously “steal jobs” from citizens. Many make extraordinary financial and personal sacrifices to seek better opportunities, which citizens of more developed countries often assume is rightfully theirs. Let us not be tempted by the easy response of scapegoating the Other and look to approach systemic injustices together. 

Anselm Kiefer: Early Works Review

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I still remember the first time I saw Anselm Kiefer’s work. I was in the Pompidou Centre, Paris, and I’d been stumbling around the seemingly endless number of rooms for hours. I was in the state where you’ve taken in so much art that nothing excites – another room of cubism leaves you unmoved; you’re oversaturated with abstraction. 

Then I stepped into another room, scarcely noticing the change, and stopped straight away. It was a plain room with some glass cabinets containing submarines. This might sound bizarre, more like what you’d expect to find at a war museum than a modern art gallery, but I was captivated. The base of the cabinets was filled with a greyish sand, and the boats, huge and elongated, painted a rusty orange or darkish green, hung suspended in the air, silent and supine. They were haunting. For reasons I still cannot articulate, I was frozen by their presence, as if I’d stumbled upon some secret, hideous crime scene. 

A few years later, elsewhere – Germany, perhaps – I again was wandering the halls of a practically-deserted gallery late in the day. Entering another room, with capacious ceilings, I came head-to-head with Kiefer once again. This time I recognised his work instantly, having spent some time researching him after the Paris encounter. Even though I’d seen pictures of his incredible work, nothing prepared me for the sight of them in person: the canvases are enormous, achingly wide, and the scenes portrayed speak to the complete devastation, annihilation, of war and destruction. Charcoal black is set against greys and reds of flames, whilst use of wood and other materials like nets makes the works practically fall off the walls. 

Kiefer is clearly fascinated by war, but particularly those involving his native country, Germany. At the start of his career, in the late 60s, he gained infamy for controversial performances and photos in which he performed the Nazi salute, challenging the taboos and culture of post-WW2 Germany, a country famed for its culture of Vergangenheitsbewältigung (coming to terms with the past). At a time when writers and philosophers wished to delicately work through the collective trauma of the Holocaust and Adorno famously questioned whether poetry was possible after Auschwitz, Kiefer crashed onto the scene, re-opening sealed conversations and old wounds. 

Given this tumultuous personal history, an exhibition tracing the development of one of the most celebrated contemporary artists sounds particularly fascinating, and this is exactly what the Ashmolean’s exhibition Anselm Kiefer: Early Works delivers. There are none of the vast works for which he is best known here: as Wim Wenders’ gorgeous documentary, Anselm, shows, the scale on which his later works are produced requires teams of people and machinery. Instead, what the exhibition shows is not only Kiefer’s obsession with history, war, and German culture, but also rare moments of beauty, and a deep affection for romanticism. 

Even in his earliest works, the traces of what’s to come are apparent: swirling paints illuminate tortured faces of German soldiers and strategists, whilst austere lines in watercolour depict abandoned Nazi buildings in all their severity. There are dark reds everywhere: fires and blood, echoing both the destruction of bodies but also of books and art. As the recurring motif of the palette suggests, the early Kiefer is constantly considering the possibility of art itself, particularly important against the backdrop of Hitler’s crusade against ‘degenerate’ art. In possibly my favourite work on display, Unternehmen ‘Trappenfang’, the dark slashes which are instantly recognisable are set against whites and blues more evocative of impressionism than anything else, and the paths in the field extend for almost the full length of the canvas, in a manner similar to that of Béla Tarr’s magnificent tracking shots. 

But it’s not all darkness: in the last room, we see lighter watercolours – landscapes and portraits, more typically ‘beautiful’ than the ominous and overwhelming works he is associated with. His landscapes recall the high point of German romanticism, which celebrated the power of nature, whilst more abstract watercolours are akin to the gorgeous colours and natural forms of Odilon Redon. Even amongst these airy works, there’s still intensity and suffering: a striking photo depicts the burning of a field, with thick black smoke billowing from the left-hand side, becoming a solid rectangle of darkness. 

In sum, then, there’s nothing individually as breathtaking or monumental as his later work, but the exhibition provides a fascinating and oftentimes stunning overview of the development of one of the world’s best contemporary artists.