Tuesday, May 6, 2025
Blog Page 1616

Zoom in on… the digital age

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Nigel Francis has been embracing the inspiration of Oxford for twenty-five years, but also looks to far-flung locations in his work, which can be seen on www.francis photography.co.uk and www.oxford-photos.com  

 What is it specifically about this city that inspires you? Is there something here which you can’t find anywhere else?

Oxford cannot fail to inspire me; the architecture is not only timeless but also cathedral-like in its stunning array of styles, both inside and out. It’s also the history of the place, who has been here over the years. I always go past buildings and see a small detail I missed even though I may have been past it many times! Even in a city the light can be so different, from a murky fog-bound morning to a clear warm late evening. This is what I look for: the most dramatic light.

How did you get into photography, and this job in particular? 

I love architecture and landscapes so I’m lucky that I shoot photographs that I enjoy. I mainly work for high-end estate agents, architects, interior designers, and property developers. I also have a passion for travel  and over the last twenty years I have supplied photo libraries with my work from around the world.  

What camera do you usually use? Do you like to work in a naturalistic way or is there a freedom in digital editing? This side of my business has changed the most with the advent of digital photography and, of course, the internet. Prices have dropped and competition has increased. However saying that I do shoot digitally with a Canon EOS5dmk2, as well as using Photoshop and Lightroom to process and re-touch my work. You can achieve amazing things on a computer, where I seem to spend as much time as actually shooting the shot in the first place! 

Is there a big difference in the way  you have to work for a commercial as opposed to a personal project? 

My commercial work is maybe a little less artistic than my Fine Art black & white collections, but it is strong and well-executed to show the buildings at their best.

If you could do a shoot anywhere in the world, and with anyone, what would you do? 

Two places still not ticked off my wish list are Iceland and New Zealand. Iceland’s ruggedness, harsh conditions and possibility of seeing the northern lights appeals to me, similarly the vast landscapes of New Zealand. Other photographers I admire are Ansel Adams, with his stunning black and white landscapes in America, and the USA steam-train photographer Ogle Winston Link, who did amazing work lighting night-shots with masses of flash back in the 1950s. 

Tell us a little bit about your latest work. What have you been working on? And where can we see it? 

My recent work has been black and white shots of Oxford and around the world, plus tree silhouettes as I love the different shapes, colours and light that you get in woodlands. I currently have a larger exhibition showing till October 24th at Chipping Norton theatre too.

Do you have any advice for budding photographers? 

For anyone who is starting out in photography, all I can say is shoot lots! You are very lucky with the digital age that you can shoot unlimited amounts of shots (not like in my earlier days of film) Learn from your mistakes, the old principles are still valid. You can test, refine, experiment almost for free when you have a camera. You can show your work on Flickr, Facebook, as many social media outlets as you can! If your work is good then someone will find you and who knows? 

Nigel Francis’ photos are currentlyon display in the Turl Street Kitchen

Construction of new China centre begins

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Construction has begun on a new centre dedicated to bringing together Oxford University research concerning China. Based at St. Hugh’s College, the Oxford University China Centre aims to act as a focal point for around 40 academics from a range of disciplines.

The fundraising drive has raised just under £15 million to date, including a gift of £10 million from Hong-Kong based philanthropist Dickson Poon CBE, whom the building was named after. The centre will contain the new University of Oxford China Centre Library, which will house 60,000 volumes and a large part of the Bodleian’s Chinese book collection as well as providing a dining room, a lecture theatre and a roof top terrace overlooking Oxford.

The former principal of St. Hugh’s and the Chair of the China Centre Fundraising Committee said, “The study of China in all its aspects, from ancient to modern, literary and artistic to scientific and environmental, political and economic to philosophical, is hugely exciting and very important not just for this university, but for the whole world. The creation of this new centre for study, bringing together research space, teaching space, and space for the display of Chinese artefacts is a matter for great celebration.”

Dame Elish Angiolini, newly appointed Principal of St Hugh’s, also expressed enthusiasm, commenting, “This historic and spectacular development is particularly thrilling for me as new Principal. The Centre will enrich the academic community in Oxford and provide wonderful new facilities for the students, Fellows and wider community at St Hugh’s.”

Andrew Goudie, Director of the China Centre, was keen to emphasise that the centre will prove important for both college and the University as a whole commentin, “The construction of the new China Centre will cause huge excitement amongst those in Oxford who are interested in China, but it also demonstrates in a very tangible way the value of collaboration between a college and the University.”

However, second year Chinese student Danny Parrott commented, “I don’t think we need it – each year group has a tiny 10-15 undergraduates and we are very well resourced. I think it is a bit of a shame that we have so few undergraduates and it’s a shame the faculty isn’t bigger because Chinese is not only a very interesting degree comprising of the best bits of history, literature and language but also as everyone is beginning to realise there is an the intense need for Europe to begin engaging properly with the Chinese world. It would be brilliant if this centre and the extra funds enabled Oxford to recruit more students and hire more staff, if it’s just a building then I’m not so fussed.”

G4S HR head to take up post at Oxford

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Oxford University has announced this month that Julian Duxfield, the current director of human resources at security provider G4S in the UK and Ireland, has been appointed as the new director for human resources at the University. His work will commence at the opening of Hilary Term 2013.

G4S’ much publicised failure to produce the promised number of staff over the Summer months resulted in the government seeking extra support from the armed forces. However, a spokesman for G4S was clear that the Olympic shortcomings should not impact on Mr. Duxfield’s reception from students and staff; stating, “The London 2012 contract was run as a discrete, stand-alone contract with a separate management team which did not include Julian.”

A University spokesperson responded positively to his selection, commenting, “We look forward to working with Julian; his wide-ranging past experience in human resources in both the private and public sectors will be an asset to Oxford”. On his work for G4S, they added, “The University took additional references in the light of the recent difficulties experienced by Julian’s current employer. All these references were more than satisfactory, and the University is satisfied that the difficulties G4S experienced in no way reflect on Julian personally.’

When asked for an opinion on the new appointment, Simi Nijher, a second year English student, answered optimistically, “I have the utmost faith in Mr. Duxfield, his extremely impressive career to date should fill all Oxford students with confidence in his ability”. She added that his lack of involvement in the Olympic contract meant that any failings within it should not reflect on his reputation.

An undergraduate from Exeter College was less than impressed with his appointment, claiming that, “As head of human resources for a major company based on human resource work he was obviously involved, so he was certainly partially responsible for the errors made.”

One second year studying Economics and Management quipped, “The army were well received at the Olympics, so if there are any problems here hopefully they will be met the same way!”

Oxford rejects ‘speed-dating’ interview system

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Oxford University has turned down a new interview format that is being adopted at a number of universities this year.Students at the universities will not be sitting down for a conversation with tutors – instead, they could be ‘speed-dating’ them.

Known as ‘multiple mini interviews’ (MMI), the format replaces sit-down panel questioning for medicine, dentistry and veterinary science at more than five UK institutions, including Dundee University, Cardiff University, Queen’s University Belfast, St George’s London and the Royal Veterinary College (RVC)

Oxford Medical School admissions said, “It is unlikely we will introduce MMI for pre-clinical entry. It would not allow us to develop the sort of questions we would wish to ask for entry.”The new approach is scenariobased and said to test relevant and useful skills, such as communication, teamwork and empathy, rather than just eloquence.

However, a University spokesperson said, “MMI is primarily considered by universities that do patient-centred learning. The strong scientific focus of the lab and teaching-based Oxford pre-clinical course makes the academic interview an important part of the selection process.”

Candidates assessed under MMI are given a series of tasks. They have five minutes to complete each moving between tutors at the sound of a buzzer. Dr Nigel Goode, RVC Head of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, described MMI as an “adaptable and robust test of ability and potential”

Oxford University claimed, “Interviewing is designed to specifically assess the aptitude of candidates for a course, We are confident that all the different measures we look at in combination address any potential concerning bias.”

Jocelyne Aldridge, senior policy officer of the Medical Schools Council, which represents UK medical schools’ interests, informed Cherwell, “No conclusive evidence supports a single approach to the selection of medical students; our members use a range of selection methods to suit their particular emphases.” 

Dheemal Patel, a medical student at St George’s, thought MMI was “a great step forward”. He remarked, “More interaction and application adds more rigour and thoroughness so that the best candidates can really shine.” 

In Oxford, second year St Anne’s medic Isra Hale agreed. “Doctors should be able to deal with such on-the-spot scenarios,” she said.

However, MedSoc President Sophie Vaggers disagreed, criticising the new method, “only one person hears their opinions in each mini interview and therefore it is inherently biased”.

Attorney General in homosexuality gaffe

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Dominic Grieve, Attorney General of England and Wales and Magdalen alumni, has caused controversy after saying that “being a practising homosexual” is “thought to be a little bit weird by large numbers of people.’

Dominic Grieve, Attorney General 
of England and Wales and Magdalen alumni, has caused controversy 
after saying that “being a practising 
homosexual” is “thought to be a little bit weird by large numbers of 
people.”
The Union’s most famous annual 
debate, ‘This House Has No Confidence in Her Majesty’s Government’, 
was attended by key members of 
the Government and Opposition – 
including Grieve and Chris Bryant 
MP, Shadow Minister for Borders & 
Immigration. Bryant’s speech discussed the peculiarity of the term 
‘practising’ homosexual, in jest adding that “it implied one can get better over time”. 
He continued, “I think being a 
practising homosexual is a bit like 
being a practising member of the 
Church of England. It’s one of those 
things which you have to explain. 
It’s thought to be a little bit weird by 
large numbers of people.”
Bryant, saying he was insulted by 
the comment, asked Grieve to clarify. 
Grieve argued that it was taken out 
of context and was eventually asked 
to “stop digging” by Bryant. 
As pointed out by Chris Bryant in 
the debate, Mr Grieve’s voting record shows opposition to equal gay 
rights. Whilst he has voted for the 
Civil Partnerships Bill in the House 
of Lords, he has formed part of the 
minority against all other Bills for 
equal rights. He voted against the 
Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) 
Regulations 2007, creating criminal 
offences for discrimination on the 
grounds of sexual orientation; the 
Adoptions and Children Bill 2002, allowing homosexual couples to adopt 
children and the Sexual Offences 
(Amendment) Bill 1999, reducing the 
age homosexual acts were permitted 
from 18 to 16.
In response to the debate, he retrospectively clarified his comments, 
“My remarks about the use of the expressions “practising homosexual” 
and “practising Christian” were illustrative of the prejudices of others and not of my own views and 
was made in response to a question 
Chris Bryant had himself raised as 
to why the first of these expressions 
was used. Chris Bryant initially gave 
the impression that he was offended 
by this remark. This is why I intervened again to tell him he 
had no grounds for being 
offended and he indicated 
that he accepted this.”
He added, “It is always 
possible in what was a 
fast moving and good 
humoured debate to express oneself less well than 
one would wish. If I was 
misunderstood by anyone 
because I expressed myself 
poorly then I am very sorry 
for it.”
Noah Evans Harding, a Committee Member of the Union, 
came to Grieve’s defence, 
saying, “I thoroughly enjoyed his speech. Union debates are intense, especially 
political ones 
such as the 
‘No Conf i d e n c e ’ 
d e b a t e . 
Things get 
said in the 
heat of the moment. I do not believe 
that any of his words were malicious. 
Anyone who was there could tell you 
that. His attempts to explain himself immediately afterwards showed 
genuine sorrow about what he said.” 
However, there has been considerable criticism from the 
student community 
particularly from 
equal rights activists. Simone 
Webb, President 
of the LGBTQ 
Society, commented, “I 
c o n d e m n 
what was said. 
It sounds attention seeking 
and he should not 
have said what he 
did”. 
Exeter JCR Equalities Officer said, 
“In the strongly pro LGBTQ Exeter JCR 
such comments would go down very 
badly. If Dominic Grieve wasn’t being 
homophobic, some union members 
certainly found him insensitive. I 
can see Dominic Grieve could have 
intended to draw attention to such 
language without condoning it. For 
someone so experienced in public 
speaking, many people at the debate 
do not feel he made the point clearly 
at all.”
He added, “The Union is nothing if 
not committed to free speech, so I’m 
sure members made their thoughts 
on Dominic Grieve very clear at the 
time. The Union might put some 
thought into its reputation though.” 
A second year lawyer opined, “As 
a distinguished QC and the Attorney 
General, the main legal advisor to the 
Government, I find it worrying that 
he seemingly did not think twice 
about what he said. His position in 
the legal world and mere consideration of who he is representing would alone necessitate 
greater thought in su

”The Union’s most famous annual debate, ‘This House Has No Confidence in Her Majesty’s Government’, was attended by key members of the Government and Opposition – including Grieve and Chris Bryant MP, Shadow Minister for Borders & Immigration.

Bryant’s speech discussed the peculiarity of the term ‘practising’ homosexual, in jest adding that “it implied one can get better over time”. Grieve interjected, “I think being a practising homosexual is a bit like being a practising member of the Church of England. It’s one of those things which you have to explain. It’s thought to be a little bit weird by large numbers of people.”

Bryant asked Grieve to clarify as he claimed to be insulted by the comment. Grieve argued that ithe quote was taken out of context and was eventually asked to “stop digging” by Bryant.

In response to the debate, he retrospectively clarified his comments, “My remarks about the use of the expressions “practising homosexual” and “practising Christian” were illustrative of the prejudices of others and not of my own views and was made in response to a question Chris Bryant had himself raised as to why the first of these expressions was used. Chris Bryant initially gave the impression that he was offended by this remark.’

‘This is why I intervened again to tell him he had no grounds for being offended and he indicated that he accepted this.”He added, “It is always possible in what was a fast moving and good humoured debate to express oneself less well than one would wish. If I was misunderstood by anyone because I expressed myself poorly then I am very sorry for it.”

Noah Evans Harding, a Committee Member of the Union, came to Grieve’s defence, saying, “I thoroughly enjoyed his speech. Union debates are intense, especially political ones such as the ‘No Confidence’ debate . Things get said in the heat of the moment. I do not believe that any of his words were malicious. Anyone who was there could tell you that. His attempts to explain himself immediately afterwards showed genuine sorrow about what he said.” However, there has been considerable criticism from the student community particularly from equal rights activists.

As mentioned by Chris Bryant in the debate, Mr Grieve’s voting record shows opposition to equal gay rights. Whilst he has voted for the Civil Partnerships Bill in the House of Lords, he has formed part of the minority against all other Bills for equal rights. He voted against the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007, creating criminal offences for discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; the Adoptions and Children Bill 2002, allowing homosexual couples to adopt children and the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Bill 1999, reducing the age homosexual acts were permitted from 18 to 16.

Simone Webb, President of the LGBTQ Society, commented, “I condemn what was said. It sounds attention seeking and he should not have said what he did”. Exeter’s JCR Equalities Officer said, “In the strongly pro LGBTQ Exeter JCR such comments would go down very badly. If Dominic Grieve wasn’t being homophobic, some union members certainly found him insensitive. I can see Dominic Grieve could have intended to draw attention to such language without condoning it. For someone so experienced in public speaking, many people at the debate do not feel he made the point clearly at all.”

He added, “The Union is nothing if not committed to free speech, so I’m sure members made their thoughts on Dominic Grieve very clear at the time. The Union might put some thought into its reputation though.”

A second year lawyer opined, “As a distinguished QC and the Attorney General, the main legal advisor to the Government, I find it worrying that he seemingly did not think twice about what he said. His position in the legal world and mere consideration of who he is representing would alone necessitate greater thought in such a public forum.’

Maths Professor gives Queen new shape

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An Oxford Professor of Mathematics has presented the Queen with a mathematical shape in celebration of her Diamond Jubilee. Professor Marcus Du Sautoy has named the shape “The Diamond Jubilee Group” in honour of Elizabeth II.

Significant numbers relating to the Queen’s reign will be set within the coordinates of the shape.The shape is a newly discovered hyper dimensional, symmetrical shape. It cannot be seen and is beyond the three dimensional world we experience. However, Du Sautoy explained that it can be described using mathematical language called “group theory.” This language was used to record the nature of the shape on a certificate presented to the Queen on Monday.

Du Sautoy’s work is part of the ‘quest’ to discover what symmetrical shapes exist. He observed that “symmetry is so fundamental to many bits of science and technology that it is important to keep pushing the boundaries of our knowledge”. Whilst accepting that the future impact of the discovery would be hard to predict, he suggested that this is the “exciting thing about mathematics” and noted possible applications “from helping us to understand what’s going on in the large hadron collider to creating powerful new digital codes”.

Professor Du Sautoy is a fellow of New College and Charles Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science, a position previously held by Professor Richard Dawkins.As part of his efforts to increase public awareness of the discovery, he is also offering members of the public the opportunity to have a shape named after them for a small donation of £10 or more to the charity Common Hope

Common Hope is an educational charity whose work promotes “hope and opportunity in Guatemala, partnering with children, families and communities who want to participate in a process of development to improve their lives through education, health care and housing.”

Gareth Wilkes, a third year mathematician at St John’s College, was positive about the potential shift in the public perception of maths. He w a s  excited that Du Sautoy had found “a way to g e n -erate nice  s y mmetrical shapes in  four dimensions whose properties are tied in with a small set of numbers- three of them in this case.”

The Queen’s reaction is the focus of speculation as Buckingham Palace does not usually comment on gifts received.Professor Du Sautoy accepted that the shape may not be all that useful for the Queen, noting that she will have to learn group theory language “if she wants to explore her new dominion in hyperspace.”

Others were not convinced that she would appreciate the presentation. Alex Roberts, a third year mathematician, said, “I think the Queen will be pretty bemused but I think she’ll just about keep a straight face.”

Mr Wilkes was optimistic about the Queen’s reaction to the gift, observing that “we can at least be certain that it’s one present she won’t already have. What do you get the woman who has everything? Something from outside the universe

Casual Vacancy Review

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Warning: contains over 200 F-words, 10 mentions of heroin, and zero references to Horcruxes. Yes, to say that Miss Rowling has moved somewhat away from the sugar-coated kisses of Cho Chang and the Boy Wizard would be an understatement.  This is Harry minus the magic, with plenty of casual sex, self-harming and regular drug taking, and all embellished with profanities that put Voldemort and his naughty wizard mouth to shame. School robes are replaced by stringy thongs, turreted Hogwarts with the tripled-storied Winterdown Comprehensive, and that strange man turning up on the doorstep is less likely to be your friendly magical groundskeeper than your local drug dealer. Sorry Hagrid.

It’s a tale about the muggles, a change from the happy-go-lucky boundary of the fantasy genre and a ticket into the seedier territory of realism. And why not? After more than a decade of writing about owls and broomsticks, surely JK deserves to dabble in other genres. But the problem with The Casual Vacancy isn’t to do with the change in content, it isn’t even to do with the “miraculously unguarded vaginas” or the “the gossamer cocoon” condom. It’s to do with the generality of her characters, and the caricature of the real world that they create.

The absence of any kind of moderation is ultimately the novel’s undoing. It’s set in pretty Pagford, with Hogsmeade-esque cobbled streets, picturesque buildings and a community church. It even boasts its very own authentic twelfth-century abbey and residents can enjoy the gentle tones of undisrupted birdsong on their morning rambles. So far, so English idyll. But behind the twitching curtains and hanging baskets, Pagford-Privet Drive is nothing more than a breeding ground for bitter rivalry, sexual frustration and badly concealed racism.

Just around the corner from Pagford is the public housing project known as the Fields. It’s a sprawling estate filled with dirty terrace blocks, boarded windows and is “swamped by the offspring of scroungers”, and the plot wrestles with the question of who should have responsibility for this deprived area. And unfortunately for its residents, the main man committed to saving the Fields dies on page five.

The death of Liberal Barry Fairbrother creates a ‘casual vacancy’ on the parish council, and the brawl for who will fill this vacancy, and for the future of the Fields, begins.  From page one of Harry Potter, JK makes clear her stance on the middle classes, with the author introducing readers to a bigoted couple whose opposition to magic verges on fanatical. And this extends into the pompous characterisation in her new book, top baddie revealed as obese deli owner Howard Mollison, who dons a deerstalker – just in case readers fail to grasp how middleclass he is.  

In a sense, Rowling’s desperate attempt to leave fantasy behind her comes full circle again. Because her novel is fantasy. The Casual Vacancy may have replaced magical prowess for the more conventional skill of IT, but the events that take place in the novel are too extreme to ever be called real. Satirical of Pagford, maybe, but one gets the impression that Rowling doesn’t mean to mock the residents of the Fields or their situations when she includes prostitution, drug taking, drowning and suicide all under one title.

The only problem with approaching Pagford as drenched in snobbery and hypocrisy, is that the tone jars. It makes what is clearly meant to be a novel about the real world display less realism than the Ministry of Magic. The Fields are meant to show the ‘seamy underside’ in all its sincerity, and not be undermined with moralistic steamrolling and condemnation of dinner party chatter of its neighbouring town. It’s meant to show a neighbourhood with all its peeling cream paint, petty crime and prostitution, with individuals who are not, as Rowling says they often are, “discussed as this homogeneous mash, like porridge.”

Why then, does JK insist on serving this porridge? Any diversity in the mash is lost to the fact this book is laden with extreme stereotypes and stock situations. Krystal, for example, is one of the novel’s main driving forces. She’s rude, openly aggressive and intimidated by big words and Rowling attempts to justify why this is. But the backstory is repetitive and generic, and although her mother can remember the precise dosage of methadone she is on and not her daughter’s age, we feel too distanced from Krystal’s life to see the fiction as reality, to emphasize why she steals, why she wants to get pregnant, and why she copulates within metres of her four-year-old brother.

As one of many twenty-somethings who grew up with Harry and Co, I had graduated the scholarship of Hogwarts and demanded more. It’s easy to overlook the clunky prose, or the fact JK decides to put whole paragraphs in ellipsis (annoying), but harder to forgive the impression that Rowling is furiously rebelling from the realm of witchcraft and wizardry. Expletives feel forced, the sex scenes fictional, the grotesque too sought for and the references to Rihanna and her umbrella too try-hard. It would have been interesting for readers – and for Rowling – if The Casual Vacancy was published under a pseudonym, without Rowling’s need to reassure her readers that this is an adult novel, and without readers striving to find constant comparisons with the best-selling series of all time.

The book isn’t bad by all accounts. Once one gets passed the initial hurdle of archetypal characterisation and the painstakingly drawn out first half, the novel actually becomes quite engaging. Rowling tries to show us that vacancies exist all around, and are not confined to the ballot box: in Robbie’s cardboard boxes, in Parminder’s self-harming daughter, in Kay’s futile relationship.  Rowling highlights, albeit with an awful sadness, that gulfs are ever present in everyone’s shared experiences, and that every human being is tied together by their own mortality. The casual vacancy is a vacancy that cannot be filled by the wave of a magic wand. There is no magic, no spell to make the pitiless stockpile situations go away, no Dobby to come and accio the bad. It is ruthless and it is terribly clichéd, but it is well worth a read.

Galloway talk provokes protest

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A small group of protesters gathered outside an Oxford Union talk by George Galloway MP on Monday, disputing his comments on rape.

The protest follows controversial opinions from the Respect MP in his podcast ‘Good Night with George Galloway’ regarding allegations against Julian Assange. Particular offence was caused by his comment that sex with a sleeping partner does not always constitute rape but is simply “bad sexual ettiquette”.  He stated, “not everybody needs to be asked prior to each insertion” as “you’re already in the sex game with them”.

The protesters, mainly members of the Oxford Feminist Network, protested the arrival of George Galloway, who was giving a talk entitled ‘A World At War’. They displayed banners and posters with slogans including “My Assault in Not My Fault”, “Wake Up George” and “George, no means no.”

Strong criticism to his opinions has come from diverse sources in the political world including the Socialist Workers’ Party, Ed Milliband and Baroness Warsi. The National Union of Students has passed a “no platform” motion against the politician, which prevents any NUS officers speaking alongside him. 

Oxford Union President John Lee stated “There was no controversy surrounding our invitation to Mr. Galloway. Some questions were asked in light of Mr. Galloway’s comments relating to Julian Assange’s situation and the subsequent NUS ban on him speaking at their events. I have said before that our invitation was sent out long before this ban.”

“All the groups who chose to protest Mr Galloway’s visit informed me in good time of their intentions. We were very happy to accommodate them.”He continued, “I’m sure you will agree that Mr Galloway is a very topical speaker, whom Union members would like to hear from and challenge. The best evidence of this was the turnout for the event – it is rare to have a packed chamber at 2.30 on a Monday afternoon.”

When the long queue of Union members and guests entered the chamber, the group of protesters began a chant of “If you’re asleep or if you’re awake, no means no and rape is rape!” One student from Oxford Brookes University described Gallaway’s comments as “completely horrendous,” arguing that they “excused rapists from what they do.”

She added, “for him to say that having sex with a sleeping woman is not rape but ‘poor sexual etiquette’ shocked me to the core. This opinion from such a prominent person will be picked up by people and believed. I think that is just encouraging rape culture and making our society a dangerous place to live.”

When approached for comment, a spokesperson for the Office of George Galloway, commented, “We understand there were around eight protestors and we respect their right to protest. However George Galloway holds the view that there are much more appropriate targets for them to protest against.’

From the heart or not at all

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‘Old English was not useful. It was entertaining though, in a morbid sort of way. Vocational degrees are of limited use anyway. We are human beings, not machines. It doesn’t matter what you study as long as your mind starts to work. I can’t help thinking that the zombie craze is because we educate people to be as dead as possible while still alive.

Working class students need people like me to talk to them and to go into their schools. Oxford could do a lot better with its time and money if it asked those of us who understand the problem first hand to get involved. Also, there is no point pretending that when students from difficult or disadvantaged back-grounds arrive at Oxford, they will just fit in.

The first term is crucial and help should be there. Oxford’s breakdown and suicide rate is shameful. Many more students suffer terrible personal difficulties – and these difficulties are compounded if you feel like you are ‘wrong’ in some fundamental way. Whenever I couldn’t cope, my horrible tutor asked me if I would be more comfortable at Aberystwyth.

I help to pay for my godchildren to attend private schools – one is at City of London, the other at Westminster. I see what a good school does for a child. They love school and they are confident, happy girls. How different for a child from some dump up north, like me.

It is good that Michael Moritz has given £300 million to Oxford for scholarships for poor students . Let’s not waste that money, but let’s not pretend that Oxford is for everyone; it isn’t.

Oxford is not and never will be an equal environment. Life is not an equal environment. What we have to do is address real problems of education and achievement and access lower down the food chain in the school system.

Catz was genuinely mixed and pretty democratic, but on my first day my tutor turned to me and said, “You are the working class experiment.” Then he turned to the young woman who was to become, and has remained, my closest friend, and he said, “You are the black experiment.” That is why I help to put her girls, my godchildren, through private school.

Interestingly, I wrote about this in the Catz Yearbook just recently, and they refused to print it. It is a long time since I have had an article rejected.

Our tutor was a dreadful man; refused to teach girls because of his malevolent homosexuality and made the lives of the boys quite a challenge. I am glad to say that he is dead.

On Feminism and female characters

We have to keep reinventing the wheel. When I studied English we were told that there were only four women novelists worth reading: the Brontës, George Eliot and Jane Austen. Virginia Woolf was not taught. When I was a kid in Accrington, I more or less taught myself by going into the library and making my way along the shelves of English Literature A-Z. This story is in Why be Happy? I did notice that most of the books were written by men, but it wasn’t until I got to N that I felt let down: Nabokov. I wondered why he hated the mature female body so much, why he was so vile about women. It does matter – style or no style.

I write for everyone. Women do write for everyone, but there is still an assumption that only men write for everyone. You will have noticed that men don’t really read women if they can get away with not doing so.

I write strong women characters. Of course I do. I want to challenge every status quo. There is no point being a writer if you are not prepared to take risks. I believe that literature makes us better human beings – and that being able to read deeply is itself a challenge to sound bite culture and the three-minute attention span.

As a writer, I am not here to make things easier; I am here to fight back. I believe in the political and moral purpose of art. This isn’t about propaganda – it’s about what it means to be human, the societies we try to create, the life of the mind, the primacy of imagination, the refusal of money and power as dominant values. The refusal of patriarchy as a natural or normal template for social organisation.

Everything about society is propositional. The way we organise ourselves is actually a choice, not a law like gravity. This is worth remembering most mornings.

My own characters? The Dog Woman in Sexing the Cherry – first woman in literature to make filth into a fashion accessory. Villanelle, the cross-dressing croupier in The Passion. And myself, of course, because I am a character in my own fiction. How could it be otherwise?

If I could be a woman in someone else’s fiction I’d choose to be Virginia Woolf’s Orlando. How irresistible to cross time and gender all at once. My friend, the American writer A. M. Homes, prefers to write from a male point of view. I don’t. Sometimes I prefer not to make it clear what the gender of the narrator is. We have so many assumptions about gender. Fiction is one way of challenging those assumptions.

As for feminism being coffined? Are you mad? 50% of women in the Arab world are illiterate. Are we so smug as to think that feminism is about clever girls from Oxford and London? We have more choices, more opportunities, but women do not earn as much as men do, or make it to the boardroom. And look at the Cameron Cabinet.

Childcare should not be the reason for the scarcity of women at higher levels of power and pay. Childcare shouldn’t be a woman’s problem – it is a family issue. A child has a fa- ther as well as a mother. And all of us in the 21st century should be talking about what family means now, what heterosexuality means now, and how we can remake society so that it actually works for families and not against them.

And don’t you want to see an end to body hatred? Why should young women be made to think about their bums, tits, weight, hair, clothes, shoes, ALL the time? The misogyny of advertising needs urgent address. As does the fashion industry. The West’s biggest export right now is body hatred. China is the fastest growing market for plastic surgery – and for women under 30. Is this what we want? Don’t you want to change it? That’s feminism, girls. Caitlin Moran is GREAT. I loved How To Be A Woman.

On Autobiography

Not a useful word. Authenticity is the only word that matters in art. Creative work is a lie detector. There are no shortcuts or cheats. Crazy or sane is not relevant; truth is relevant. The truth of art is complex, always challenging. That is not to say there isn’t delight and humour and pleasure. Creativity isn’t either/ or: it’s everything. The richness and contradiction of life is magnified in art. Above all, art is a place to feel. This isn’t a hiding place; it’s a place of discovery.

I do not believe in false oppositions of imagination versus experience, or experiment versus realism. Maybe that works for critics and academics, but creativity is not about binaries. This is the work of your soul – and if that is an old-fashioned word, too bad.

Anyway, Why be Happy isn’t an autobiography. It isn’t a memoir either. It is an experiment with experience.

So I wrote Oranges when I was 25 and Why be Happy when I was 52. Maybe I like inverting numbers.

On The Daylight Gate

This was a bit of a dare in that it was suggested to me by Simon Oakes who owns the Hammer outfit and who decided to augment the sexy movie part of the empire with a sober sister (not much money) and revitalise the Hammer imprint. Random House agreed to publish these new novellas. Simon suggested I write something about the Pendle Witch Trials of 1612, because I was brought up in the shadow of Pendle Hill. I thought, ‘Why not?’ I am high- minded but not precious.

I am interested in genre writing. No, I am interested in everything – what is life for, otherwise? So I decided to give it a go. And writing a page-turner is hard work. I am not plot- driven, so this was a specific challenge. I think it worked.

What next?

Well, with reservations, trepidation, excitement, and interest I am taking over from Martin Amis and Colm Toibin and going to Manchester as Professor of Creative Writing for a couple of years.

It isn’t an everyday job by any means. I will teach once a week for one term a year and put on a few events and be an ambassador for the course. Let’s see how it works out. I have only signed for two years. And I am starting a new book and getting heavily involved in new digital platforms. Follow me on Twitter@ Wintersonworld and check out my website jeanettewinterson.com’

Oxford raises entry requirements

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Applicants to Oxford University this year will face tougher entry requirements than ever before.

After an initial delay in the implementation of A*s at A-level, the number of courses requiring the top grade has risen by a third.

Originally required for various engineering, science and maths degrees, the total amount of subjects requiring an A* has increased from 15 to 20 and now includes Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Experimental Psychology and the combined course of Psychology, Philosophy and Linguistics.

This year’s application process has also resulted in an increase in subject-based aptitude tests from 34 subjects to 39.

A spokesperson for the University said the test ‘“help to provide a level playing field”, as “at least 30% of our applicants have school leaving qualifications other than A-levels (and up to 50% in some courses), so aptitude tests allow us to have a means to compare all applicants for a degree regardless of their qualifications.’

‘Applications to Oxford have increased steadily, from around 13,000 in 2007 to over 17,000 in 2011, while we have only 3,200 places. 46,000 students a year now achieve AAA or more at A-level, we need to use more than predicted grades when selecting the best candidates for each subject.” 

He continued, “The applicants Oxford gets are almost without exception highly qualified – nearly all of them are predicted three As at A-level or the equivalent and come with glowing references and excellent academic records. It is not always possible to differentiate the very best candidates from the very good ones on the basis of the information on the UCAS application form alone.” 

Harry Jackson, a second year from Hertford, commented, “I think the tests are a good idea, to check that all applicants are up to a similar standard. At times grades can be misleading as they depend on a student’s circumstances such as the amount of support offered by schools. However I don’t think it’s necessary to increase the grade requirements. Once you have done the pre-interview test and had the interview, the college has clearly deemed you good enough and want you so there is no need for the grade offer to place undue pressure. The A-levels at that point just become a means to an end.”

The University claims that the initial rejection of the requirement of an A* was not intended to be permanent. A spokesperson added, “Oxford said when the A* grade was introduced that we would wait and see whether the A* grade correlated with our own selection process and was a good indicator of aptitude.” 

St Anne’s student Ryan Widdows pointed out the difficulties for some schools. “At my school the A* was not achieved by many. A lot of people are held back from their potential due to inadequate educational facilities and these harder entry requirements are only going to deny them opportunities.”

However, one JCR Access Representative disagreed, commenting, “This is a result of students achieving better A-levels and colleges ramping up predicted grades year on year. The University has to find some way to distinguish between candidates and whittle them down. All the University is trying to do is make sure that they choose the most able students.”