Sunday 12th October 2025
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Emo-ology: An Introduction

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Joel Dungworth tells all on the origins of emo music.

If you stopped someone in the street and asked them to describe ‘emo’, they are probably going to imagine Gerard Way dressed in a bad Halloween costume screaming about vampires and wanting to join some kind of gothic version of your 6th form band. Other options include teenagers smeared in black eyeliner and strapped into unnecessarily tight skinny jeans, or gaggles of school kids all with perfectly suspended bangs hanging over a smoky eye. The associations of ‘emo’ are firmly rooted in the subculture that emerged in the mid-2000s; as all good subcultures do, it had its own, very recognisable, soundtrack, with the likes of My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boyand Paramore blasting out of the iPods of angsty adolescents across the world.

Much of this music is fantastic: powerful, emotive, heart-on-sleeve songs drawing in an almost cult following, which is still very much alive today (MCR’s announcement of a comeback performance received nearly 200,000 likes on Twitter). But ‘emo’ music did not suddenly materialise when Gerard Way screamed ‘IM NOT O-FUCKING-K’ into a microphone. The genre has a rich history. Artists throughout the 1990s wrote and produced intimate, personal pieces of music which shaped and moulded the style which would appeal to so many Doc Martens-wearing Year 10s. 

Emo’s urtext is hard to place; but, it is often said to be the 1985 album Rites of Spring – by the band of the same name. Along with Embrace (1987) – funnily enough, by Embrace – this music contributed to the post-hardcore sound dubbed ‘emocore’. This label, however, was rejected by the artists at the time and used with an accompanying sneer by critics. These albums are well worth a listen, though, and form the starting place of my early ‘emo’ recommendations.

The rough screeched vocals of songs like ‘For Want of’ and ‘Give Me Back’ are a staple of the genre; their chugging guitars and crashing riffs anticipate a sound which would linger for another 20 years. The lyrics resurrect the artists’ painful memories and facilitate an outpouring of internal anxieties; they are fiercely personal, yet the appeal of these songs lies in their acuteness. They scream the feelings that tear us apart – exemplifying the emotional ferocity music can assume. 

When the early 90s saw the emergence of grunge, it highlighted the potential for subcultures fuelled by misanthropy or anguish to hold our attention. The likes of Sunny Day Real Estate, Jawbreaker and Weezer developed a sound heavy in guitar and confessional, pained lyrics which played off the grunge and ‘emocore’ sensibilities, whilst carrying a tenderness and free-form structure to their songs which ran throughout the genre in the 90s. I would suggest ‘In Circles’ by Sunny Day Real Estate, ‘Fireman’ by Jawbreaker and ‘In The Garage’ by Weezer as three songs to get to grips with this style of emo. In fact, this may be a better place to start than the stuff from the 80s. If you know some classic pop-punk tunes then you will be able to hear some of their tropes in this music too. Subsequent bands like Saves The Day, Piebald and Jimmy Eat World form a kind of intermediary between the two, removing a bit of the screaming but keeping the introspection. I would recommend a listen to Clarity – the sophomore album from Jimmy Eat World; here, the band are also drawing on a slightly different ‘emo’ sound, that which developed in the American Midwest. 

Self-declared emo lord Matty Healy (of The 1975) has spoken about how his love for country music stems from his interpretation of it as a form of ‘emo’ expression (just one with more banjos). He is onto something here. It is worth thinking of this style if you delve into the realm of Midwestern emo. Artists like Mineral, The Promise Ring, Rainer Maria, Cap’n Jazz and American Football make music which sounds a little bit like people screaming in a garage – it is raw, unfiltered, passionate, and strangely mesmerizing. The song structures wander freely about, and the lyrics take on a poetic melancholy to rival The Smiths.

There is a homemade intimacy, like the echoing production of Joy Division or the cassettes of underground favourite Daniel Johnston. The instrumentals form their own warbling melodies, whilst the singers cry out their deepest inhibitions – odes to the cathartic power of music. They undermine sterile cultures of emotional repression and allow internal anxieties a central place in artistic expression. It should be added that a content warning is relevant to many of the songs I am discussing here – they cover topics such as depression, emotional isolation and social alienation, but it is also this confessional bravery and sensitivity which gives ‘emo’ music its magnetism. 

Mineral’s ‘If I Could’ perfectly captures the sense of self-doubt which can so often prevent us from fulfilling our romantic dreams; Rainer Maria’s ‘Summer and Longer’ looks back at a loss of youth and the struggle to help a friend with accumulated yearning; Cap’n Jazz’s ‘Oh Messy Life’ offers an existential outburst on what defines us as human beings. These songs can easily be dismissed and mocked, but if you really listen to the poetic desperation of ‘emo’, it carries intensity not found in many other styles of music. There is a playlist below – queue these songs, immerse yourself in their uninhibited grit, and you might just develop a newfound respect for early ‘emo’ music which is perhaps missing from perceptions based on Patrick Stump’s sideburns and Pete Wentz’s fringe. 

Listen to the accompanying playlist on Spotify @cherwellmusic.

Image credit: Cancha General via Creative Commons.

It Can’t Happen Here … Again? The GOP After Trump

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As tempting as it may be to simply move on from the Trump presidency, four cathartic years now over and the American republic redeemed, we ought not to look upon the political currents which swept the 45th President to power as mere spent forces never again to re-emerge. Indeed, these same currents are far from having dissipated, the country is still considerably divided, and we might therefore do well to pay attention to what the former President himself, hours before leaving office, swore in front of cheering crowds: ‘we will be back’.

The fact of the matter is that Trump’s brand of right-wing populism is likely to remain, for the time being, tarring the American political landscape — even with Trump muzzled and potentially out of the political picture. With this in mind, the challenge of the GOP will be to integrate voters with whom Trump’s message resonated, maintaining their support for a party about which, prior to Trump, many exhibited a total apathy.

Fundamentally, the question of the hour is will the GOP rise to the occasion — will they prove resilient enough to survive a fundamental departure from traditional Republicanism unscathed, and will they want to?

To try and answer this question, we need to go back to the election. Right off the bat, November 3rd was no land slide — not by a long shot. Had Biden not won as well as he did, the GOP’s 74 million votes would have been the highest in US history.

Some two months later, the events of January 6th helped shed some light on just how many Republicans could be considered part of the ‘MAGA crowd’ — remaining loyal to the President despite his electoral defeat. For starters, according to a Politico–Morning Consult poll conducted in the days following the Capitol riots, Republican support for Trump had only declined by 8% meaning he could still boast the support of a 75% supermajority in the party.

Later that week, a YouGov poll revealed that approximately 45% of Republican respondents had in fact approved of the Capitol riots, and a further 12% didn’t register any particular emotion either way. The same poll found twice as many Republicans laid the blame for the unrest at the feet of Joe Biden (35%) than of President Trump (13%), and 63% approved of his conduct that week. Trump has many problems, but as of this moment a lack of support is not one of them.

It is in government that the story becomes slightly more nuanced.

On the one hand, House Republicans seem unshakeably loyal to the former President — take the 138 of them who challenged Pennsylvania’s presidential results following the Jan 6th riot or indeed the 197 who voted against Trump’s impeachment.

Granted, 10 House Republicans did indeed vote to impeach Trump, but the events of the past few days seem to indicate that they are being made an example of. Such was indicated in the observations of former Ohio state Rep. Christina Hagan when she commented that she had ‘never seen a greater amount of backlash for any one single vote’ — with primary challenges and cuts in donors springing up with remarkable speed.

On the other hand, the senate may well be another matter altogether, and one that may trouble the GOP going forward. Despite being content to enable Trump’s worst excesses over the past five years, if the recent claims of the respected investigative-journalist Carl Bernstein are to be believed, then there are at least 21 Republican Senators who have privately ‘expressed their disdain for Trump’. Indeed, many of those named by Bernstein are those same senators who so vociferously denounced Trump in his run for leadership of the GOP in 2016, suggesting the party is less than united.

Taken together with Senator Mitch McConnell’s accusations that American democracy was being sent into a ‘death spiral’ by the former President and Senator Lindsay Graham‘s begging of the President to accept the election results on the senate floor, and it’s not impossible to suggest that Senate Republicans may see a Trump-less party as an opportunity to navigate back towards a more moderate, traditional conservatism.

The problem is that the moment these same senior Republicans make moves to distance the GOP from Trump, the ensuing conflict with the House Republicans may well cause the party to split — something likely to stir the tens of millions of voters attracted more to Trump than traditional Republicanism.

All these calculations are being made against the backdrop of reports that Trump himself is interested in founding his own ‘Patriot’ party — funnelling supporters away from the GOP and towards the camp of right-wing populism. Questions of likelihood aside, the mere threat of this may push Republican grandees towards maintaining the current party platform for fear of haemorrhaging voters.

In trying to consolidate its position, the GOP will be fully aware that even if the Trump wing shrinks significantly, the party is already home to demanding factions wielding disproportionate influence relative to their size. Evangelicals only comprise 14% of the American electorate and yet their demands over abortion and gay marriage continue to shape Republican policy. It’s not impossible that a similarly committed Trump wing could likewise influence the future policy of a new GOP.

But if Republicans are indeed able to successfully balance the competing demands of their voters and of political and moral respectability, then there are certainly signs that they are well placed to make a comeback in 2022 and ‘24.

Trump’s gains among Hispanics might be expanded significantly if the incumbent were less known for repeatedly using them as a national scapegoat. So too could it be argued that the large turnouts of the past two elections make it possible that a less controversial figure could broaden Republican appeal — although granted the allure of Trump was his iconoclasm.

If they play their cards right, Republicans don’t even have to broaden the appeal that much. Only once since the election of Bush Sr. in ‘88 has a Republican candidate won the election with the popular vote — and although the Georgia run-offs put gerrymandering and voter-suppression back in the public eye, the GOP has a history of playing the political system when expedient to do so, and perhaps they will again. Less nefariously, the GOP could replicate Trump’s 2016 election plan by simply playing the Electoral College to their advantage.

But at the end of the day we just don’t know what the Republican Party will look like, if Trump himself will make a comeback, nor how his supporters will vote. If voters will have any patience with the Republican ‘swamp’ remains to be seen, and the idea that any party grandee could so much as think about imitating Trump’s style or his appeal is frankly ridiculous.

What we do know is that there are tens of millions of people to whom Trump’s message appealed directly and that, even through insurrectional violence, they were willing to stick with him. We would therefore do well to keep in mind that when Trump, to cheering crowds of these same Americans, remarks that ‘we will be back’, the rest of us would do well not to dismiss him.

Image credits: Gage Skidmore

Review: ‘Breaking and Mending’ by Joanna Cannon

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I wrote in a previous review that my previously unchanged top five books had been shaken up in 2020 for the first time in years. Joanna Cannon’s memoir Breaking and Mending has done just that. In little over 150 pages, this book made me laugh, cry, and shut the pages to sit for a while and think. It made me both despair and revel in my decision to study medicine.

Published in 2019, Breaking and Mending is Cannon’s first non-fiction book and is one of the best I’ve read for a while. In it, Cannon writes of her decision to take three science A-levels and apply to study medicine in her thirties, after completing a first-aid course she noticed advertised in a newsagent’s window. As a medical student myself, I have countless copies of junior doctors’ autobiographies and non-fiction medical books. However, after studying all day, I usually prefer to dive into fiction afterwards rather than hear about the trials and tribulations of the career that awaits me. I often find that it is not a wise genre for me to read. As someone who has had more “should I drop out of med-school?” wobbles in three years than I care to admit, it seems foolish for me to choose to read about the ways in which it can break a person. Yet, despite its title, Breaking and Mending felt different. This is a book about a medic who loves to read and write. One who felt as though she was breaking under the stresses of medicine but found her feet and her love of it in psychiatry – a speciality she always wanted to pursue. After describing this to a friend, she replied, “This sounds like it was written for you!”. And yes, honestly, I loved it. Unlike other books in this genre, Cannon really focuses in on the idea of belonging, and that of ‘wild cards’. She writes of how ‘Psychiatry became [her] landscape’ where she was ‘the most comfortable [she] had ever been in [her] life’. I found this a real comfort as I start studying in the hospital this year; something I am equal parts excited and terrified about. This book taught me so much about kindness, empathy, and how our stories are what unites us as people — all things I will take with me onto the wards and into conversations with patients. Some of the chapters reminded me of works by Rachel Clarke, author of Dear Life, which focuses on her experience as a palliative care doctor. Both women care deeply about their patients, which really shines through in their writing.

Throughout Breaking and Mending, Cannon discusses what it was like to be an older student in medical school, as well as her journey into her foundation medical years and beyond. Following concerns about her age, her outburst to a medical school admissions officer was on the surface quite amusing. However, underneath the humour, there was a sadness to it. She said, ‘I completely understand if you reject me. Reject me because you don’t think I’m smart enough. Reject me because you don’t think I’ll make a very good doctor. Reject me for the hundred and one reasons you reject people but please – please – don’t reject me just because of my date of birth, because that wouldn’t be a very good reason at all, would it?’. Since the vast majority of my cohort began medical school aged 18 or 19, I realised that the age demographic of medical students is not something I’d thought much about before. It was therefore really eye-opening to read from someone with a different perspective. Cannon discusses how ‘there is a certain comedy value in being the junior doctor on a team where everyone else is a very great deal younger than you are’. The General Medical Council’s 2017/2018 Medical Schools Report stated that the first-year intake of standard entry medical students across the UK was 7,321 whilst the number of graduates was just 715. The standard entry students were not broken down into varying age ranges and I could not find any information on the average age of medical students in the UK. This surprised me and I feel it may be off-putting to those who are contemplating beginning their route into medicine at a later date. Although it seems inevitable that many future doctors start med-school immediately after sixth form following much discussion of careers and next-steps, this is not the only route. If anything, Cannon’s later start made her stand out as a doctor. She was taking richer life experience into a degree (and eventually a career) all about people and their experiences.

Towards the end of the book, Cannon writes that on her first day of medical school she was told that ‘there are two kinds of doctor: white coats and cardigans. Those who love the science and those who love the people’. She understandably disputes this, stating that there are as many kinds of doctors as there are people – a sentiment that I wholeheartedly agree with. However, much of the book focuses on her experience as a ‘cardigan’; a people-loving doctor, something that others weren’t always appreciative of. Her approach to medicine made a truly positive difference in many of her patients’ lives but was also partly responsible for her burnout when the weight of the world she was working within became too much. The descriptions of these events were honest, moving, and emotional and will stay with me a long time after reading them. Cannon writes, ‘Perhaps it might have been possible to face the misery and unfairness inside it [the hospital] each day with the right support… I wondered how someone could walk through a landscape and be at the very lowest point of their life and yet no one who passed them by even noticed’. Her evocative language here invites reflection, particularly in the current pandemic, on how we look after the people who look after us. According to a recent study by the British Medical Association, almost half of the doctors surveyed were currently experiencing ‘stress, burnout, emotional distress, or other mental health condition[s]’. Cannon writes first-hand of her experiences with this throughout Breaking and Mending. From my experiences so far within the clinical medical school, the support can be excellent. However, having read the work of Cannon, and many other medical authors, it seems that this is not always the case in the workplace. Changes must be made to protect doctors and other healthcare workers who do so much with so little.

Alongside these poignant stories, there were also many tales of hope scattered throughout the book, a dose of which I feel very much in need of this winter. Towards the end of the chapter in which she describes her burnout, Cannon decided to ‘give it a week. If, after a week, [she] felt the misery creeping back, [she] would unfasten [herself] from medicine forever. No matter the shame and the humiliation, and no matter the inevitable chorus of ‘I told you so’’. She writes of heading to the speciality she had always wanted to pursue (psychiatry) and working with so many amazing people; getting a chance to really hear their stories and listen. Although this was heart-warming to read, her words do raise larger questions about the culture of medicine; the idea that doctors should ‘stick it out’ and keep a stiff upper lip. There are not many other professions I can think of where there is as much ‘shame and humiliation’ associated with leaving a job that causes this degree of emotional distress. Other ex-doctors such as Adam Kay, author of This is Going to Hurt, have written of similar experiences. Perhaps it is time to revaluate our collective attitudes towards doctors and realise they too are only human.

I am in awe of Joanna Cannon and can’t wait to read more of her work, although I wonder if any of her fiction can match the brilliance and the beauty of this. For me, it is Cannon’s complete honesty and authenticity which make this an astounding read and I’m eager to see whether these hallmarks also come across in her fiction. I think Breaking and Mending is the perfect book to read as a medical student, a doctor, or anyone who wants to have their heart warmed by tales of genuine compassion and kindness. In particular, to any other medics who are just getting ready to tackle the world of wards and real-life patients, I cannot recommend it enough. Though it slightly terrified me, it also made me very excited and taught me a few wise lessons that I don’t think will be found on the page of a textbook or a slide of a lecture. I know I will come back to Breaking and Mending time and time again to remind myself of what’s important, not just in medicine, but in life.

Image Credit: Pixabay

Review: Arlo Parks’ ‘Collapsed in Sunbeams’

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Two and some years have passed since Arlo Parks’ debut single  “Cola” in November  2018. The world has changed, but her music has stayed constant. In the middle of a catastrophic and isolating pandemic, her music still brazenly clings to humanity through tugging lines of melody for and about people; she reminisces about the way we care and love and yearn and ache for each other and for ourselves. Her first album, Collapsed in Sunbeams, is a tender portrait of her microcosm of the world that feels universal.

Parks envelops us in names—Charlie, Eugene, Alice, Caroline, Kaia, Violet—, a rich world of characters sang through poetry. She brings these guests in gently, carefully, and with painstaking empathy. Despite the jazzy and sometimes poppy lilt in the tracks, her lyrics paint a tableau of depression, nostalgia, and internalized pain. Parks stands in the centre of this tableau, breezing over the pain in stanzas. In “Hurt”, she reminds Charlie, whose “heart [was] so soft it hurt to beat” and has since turned to alcoholism, that his pain “won’t hurt so much forever”. In “Black Dog”, a particularly devastating song about depression, she promises Alice that she would “lick the grief right off your lips”; she “would take a jump off the fire escape // to make the black dog go away.” 

The overwhelming warmth and affection Parks has for the world around her is stunning; for burnt hibiscus, reading Sylvia Plath, for amethysts masks just how young she is. Aged 20, she is just one month older than me. “My album is a series of vignettes and intimate portraits surrounding my adolescence and the people that shaped it,” Parks explained to NME; “it is rooted in storytelling and nostalgia—I want it to feel both universal and hyper-specific.” She sings openly about her bisexuality on the album, particularly in “Green Eyes” and “Eugene”. In the former, she details a two-month romance with a girl, Kaia, before their break up because she “could not hold my hand in public // felt their eyes judgin’ our love and beggin’ for blood.” Parks adds: “I could never blame you”. 

I wish that your parents had been kinder to you 

They made you hate what you were out of habit 

Remember when they caught us making out after school

Your dad said he’d felt like he lost you 

The tonal dissonance between the lyrics in the album and its rhythmic groove can distance listeners from the emotional core of the album. Nearly every song is laced with record scratches, empty drum tracks, and a variation on a guitar riff. The pleasant sameness of Collapsed in Sunbeams does not detract from how incredibly lovely and affirming Parks is throughout. Her warmth is pure sunbeam: visible categorizations of light fighting through obstacles to illuminate us and the world around her. 

Image credit: Charlie Cummings via mindies.es & Creative Commons.

In Conversation with Jill Nalder

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“It’s a bit of a whirlwind at the moment…” Jill tells me, “the response is a bit unbelievable.” She has just finished watching the third episode of Russell T Davies’ new series, It’s a Sin, which centres around the lives of five friends living in London during the peak of the AIDS crisis. It’s a Sin tells the story of their loves and losses as they navigate life under the threat of this deadly illness. Jill is at its very centre, her experience of the time providing part of the inspiration for the story.  

The show itself has been an instant-hit, its characters striking a chord with Davies’ audience: there’s the rambunctious ringleader Ritchie (Olly Alexander), self-assured Roscoe (Omari Douglas), sweet-tempered Colin (Callum Scott Howells) and oh-so-charming Ash (Nathaniel Curtis). The gang is led by their matriarch, Jill (Lydia West), the heart and soul of the show, whose character is loosely based on Jill herself and her tireless work in the fight against AIDS.

The character was created after a series of intimate discussions with Davies, a long-term friend of Jill. Using her experience of the time, and of course his own, Davies constructed this semi-fictionalised representation of the London queer scene in the 1980s in all its magnificent technicolour.

Jill vividly recalls the time. When she wasn’t honing her craft at Mountview, she was spending her time with a glorious group of friends: going out, getting drunk and ending up at someone’s place to continue the fun. More often than not, these after-parties took place at the iconic Pink Palace, as portrayed in It’s a Sin, the actual apartment Jill rented with her friends at the time.  

“We had such fun there!”, she tells me. Though she notes that the actual Pink Palace was “way more glamorous” than its televised portrayal, recalling a large mock-Tudor building complete with pink velvet curtains, pink sofas and chandeliers. “It was not very student-y in the conventional sense,” she tells me.

Parties at the Pink Palace were a semi-frequent occasion. Jill describes cabarets where guests would perform their “party piece” for an adoring audience. The parties were on the wilder side. “You don’t think of it as hedonistic,” she tells me, “you just think of it as life! Now, when I look back, it seems hedonistic because it’s so care-free. It was a sense of freedom. That great freedom you have when you’re young.” Though she’s quick to point out that, unlike the show, there was “certainly not sex in every room 24/7.”

Over time, the Pink Palace became a legend, taking on a mythic status within the community. But, for Jill, it’s the nights spent with friends she remembers more than anything. “You become very close,” she tells me, “and then you become lifelong friends. If you’re lucky. I lost a lot of those people…so what would have been lifelong friends was not to be.”

Jill’s first encounter with AIDS was the death of a friend from college. “He’d gone home because he was ill…and then suddenly we heard he had died. And nobody knew what had happened to him. He was 26,” she tells me. There had been rumours that he had died of AIDS, but this wasn’t something that was ever explicitly said.  

We get a sense of this in the show, murmurs of an unknown illness disproportionately targeting homosexuals. In the first episode, we see Richie at university, eyeing up the boys he fancies. Alexander brilliantly captures the bright-eyed wonder of closeted desire. It’s fun and flirty and inconsequential. Though, in the background, two women discuss rumours of a deadly disease. “41 men with this cancer thing and they all died at the same time in New York,” one says, “and they were all gay.”

There was little information out there at the time, Jill tells me, partly because AIDS was a new disease and because it was predominantly targeting “a stigmatised community.”

The LGBT community itself didn’t pay much attention to the rumours at first. Davies captures this denial perfectly. There’s a monologue in the second episode where Richie dismisses Jill’s concerns. He playfully pokes fun at the theories: “they say it arrived from outer space on a comet”, “they say God created it to strike us down”, “they say Freddie Laker spread it when he introduced cheap flights”.

“Don’t you see what all of these things have got in common?” he asks, before gleefully proclaiming: “they’re not true!”

You want to believe him. You want to lose yourself in the dizzying lights of the Pink Palace to the soundtrack of Patrick Cowley’s Do You Wanna’ Funk?, to be blinded by Davies’ intoxicating portrayal of the London queer since, to ignore the reality of a deadly disease striking down young men in their prime.

 “Nobody listens, do they?”, Jill says, “I’m a cautious person, I was warning my friends, telling them what I’d heard, trying to make them take it more seriously. Perhaps I was being a bit idealistic. People tried to brush it off. They were in denial. They were scared themselves. But it creeps up on you.”

“And then there were those terrible commercials…” she recalls, “with the tombstone smashing…”

The commercials she refers to were public information adverts issued by the government, warning people not to “die of ignorance.” Voiced by John Hurt, complete with apocalyptic visuals and a science-fiction score, they were chilling clips intended to alert the general public to the dangers of AIDS. Jill appreciates the effort, but sees the flaws in the campaign:

“I don’t think it was a particularly good commercial. It stigmatised people.”

The advert itself announces, in an ominous voice, that “so far [the disease has] been confined to small groups, but it’s spreading…”

“It makes those ‘small groups’ totally stigmatised,” Jill tells me, “people were horrible to Chinese people when they first found out about COVID. I think you can imagine what people were like to gay men if they thought they were spreading AIDS.”

Jill was sworn to secrecy by friends who’d received a diagnosis. “They were desperate not to be labelled. They were desperate not to think that they couldn’t have the life they wanted.”

They also feared the news might reach their families: “they felt ashamed…they didn’t want to let their families down. There’s a desire to protect your parents because you think they might be stigmatised too. It doesn’t stop with the person; some people would be horrible to the family too if they heard rumours. It becomes a stigma for the entire family.”

Jill describes visits to hospital wards that were “full of young gay men”, all of whom “carried a great shame and sadness.” Some had visitors, like Jill, though many were too ashamed to tell friends and family. She took on a maternal role, caring for friends suffering from the disease who felt like they couldn’t tell their family. It was a physically and emotionally demanding task, but she never considered walking away from those in need: “Once you’re involved in somebody’s care, particularly when you know their life is not going to be long, you can’t let them down. You can’t turn your back on them.”

Jill still remembers how it felt to be told by friends that they had been diagnosed with the illness. “You’re just a listening ear at that point,” she tells me, “It’s emotional, but you’ve got to try and not get emotional. You have to be positive about it, though you still feel that sadness and that trauma…they’re telling you something that you know is going to kill them. It’s hard.”

As more of her friends were diagnosed, Jill became a fierce campaigner, throwing herself into activism to help those in need. She set up the charity, West End Cares with a group of seven fellow West End performers. The charity is still going, nowadays under the name TheatreMAD Make A Difference. Since its inception, they have raised upwards of £10 million in the fight against AIDS. Their most recent event was a performance of Rutter’s Requiem on World AIDS Day.

As part of her work with West End Cares, Jill funded vital research, gave money to those who were unable to work due to the disease and helped raise awareness and solidarity for sufferers. She was relentless, organising late-night cabarets, competitions, raffles, carol concerts, etc. “We did loads,” she says, “you have no idea.”

But why did she care so much? Why did she dedicate her life to battling a disease that predominantly affected gay men?

“That was my world,” she tells me. “That was the world I moved in, and they were my friends. And if you love somebody, you want to help.”

In popular culture, straight women within the gay community are often cast as the counterfoils to their WASPish queens. Think Grace Adler in Will & Grace or Amanda Tanen in Ugly Betty. These relationships are characterised by bitchy put-downs and unrequited attraction. Jill’s friendships, as portrayed in It’s a Sin, were a much richer and more meaningful interaction, the epitome of straight allyship. And shared joy.

There’s a striking line in the final episode of the series, where Richie reminisces about his time spent in the beds of all the boys he slept with, reflecting on their collective legacy. “They were all great,” he says, “that’s what people will forget. That it was so much fun.” Is Jill worried that people will forget?

“I don’t think they will now,” she tells me, “I think Russell has made sure of that. People will have to think twice if they thought it was all doom and gloom. That’s his legacy.”

And hers too, I point out.

“It’s incredible, quite incredible to think that you have any legacy in this world. But Russell’s legacy…oh my god it’s enormous. When you’re a part of that, it takes you by surprise, I tell you. And those boys…the foundations they laid. It’s so amazing to be part of that, truly.”

Jill lost four very close friends to AIDS, but is reluctant to tell me much about them.

“I can’t say any names because of their families,” she says, “I’d like to shout their names from the rooftops, of course I would. They were incredibly brave human beings. And if it was any other illness than AIDS I would. But it wouldn’t be right to their families. It’s not for me to decide that.”

“But they were fabulous,” she says with a grin, “they were all just…fabulous.”

Image credit: Jillian Edelstein

Expenses of Oxfordshire MPs reach almost £1 million in 2019-2020

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Oxfordshire MPs claimed expenses worth cost taxpayers £885,224.19 in 2019-2020. According to the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority (IPSA for short), Oxford East MP and Shadow Chancellor Anneliese Dodds spent £187,991.98 in 2019-2020, just shy of the average £188,295 annual spend of MPs who were elected before December 2019. 

Dodds’ costs were payroll (£161,136.84), office costs (£13,452.26), accommodation (£12,673.64), MP travel (£600.94) and staff travel (£128.30). Dodds’ overall spending has remained relatively stable compared to her 2018-2019 total of £187,681.63. The 2019-2020 year saw a noticeable reduction in her office and travel costs, however, an increase of £16,530.82 in staffing made up much of the difference. 

Witney MP Robert Courts was the second most expensive MP in Oxfordshire, costing taxpayers £184,161.56 in 2019-2020. Largest causes of spending were staffing (£141,162.92), office costs (£13,675.38) and rent (£19,781.63). 

Layla Moran, MP of Oxford West and Abingdon, cost taxpayers £173,665.94, spending £130,072.44 on staffing, £21,093.07 on accommodation, £18,110.94 on office costs, £2,487.71 on staff travel and £1,901.78 on MP travel. 

Victoria Prentis, MP of Banbury spent £119,590.10 on staffing, £21,636.92 on office costs, £19,847.52 on accommodation, £7,160.00 on MP travel and £2,463.61 on staff travel, coming to a sum total of £170,698.15. Included in the figure is Prentis’ £2,823.36 spent on agreed arrangement costs for volunteers, which is higher than for other Oxfordshire MPs. 

Henley MP John Howell spent 154,580.58 in 2019-2020. The smaller sum in comparison to other Oxfordshire MPs may be due to lower office costs (£122,745.07) and no entry for MP travel. Newly elected Wantage MP David Johnston claimed £14,125.98 in his first year. Johnston’s expenses were significantly lower than the new MP average of £40,869 in the first year.

Image Credit: Cicero Group. License: CC BY-SA 2.0.

Common asthma drug lowers risk of Covid-19 hospitalisation, Oxford study finds

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A study from Oxford University has shown that a common asthma treatment can reduce the risk of hospitalisations by 90% among Covid-19 patients. 

The research, which was conducted in partnership with the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and AstraZeneca, involved 146 participants. Half of those involved were given inhaled budesonide, which is usually used to treat the symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while the other half received standard patient care. 

Findings from the study, which were published earlier this month, suggested that over a 28-day period, the drug could reduce the risk of patients needing hospital treatment by 90%. The trial was sparked by data which suggested that patients who used inhaled steroids for other medical conditions were less likely to be admitted to hospital with Covid-19. 

Professor Mona Bafadhel, a member of the Nuffield Department of Medicine at the University of Oxford and a Respiratory Consultant also working at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, led the research. 

Commenting on the findings, she said: “There have been important breakthroughs in hospitalised COVID-19 patients, but equally important is treating early disease to prevent clinical deterioration and the need for urgent care and hospitalisation, especially to the billions of people worldwide who have limited access to hospital care. 

“The vaccine programmes are really exciting, but we know that these will take some time to reach everyone across the world. I am heartened that a relatively safe, widely available and well studied medicine such as an inhaled steroid could have an impact on the pressures we are experiencing during the pandemic.” 

The study comes alongside separate research from the university which has suggested that the use of the anti-inflammatory drug tocilizumab can significantly reduce the number of deaths of patients hospitalised by Covid-19. The medication reduced mortality by a third for patients requiring simple oxygen, and nearly a half for those on more invasive ventilation.

In addition to the fall in hospitalisations, Professor Bafadhel’s research also demonstrated that budesonide could be effective in reducing the number of patients who require urgent care as a result of the disease, as well as reducing recovery time from the onset of symptoms. 

Professor Bafadhel spoke about the significance of these additional conclusions: “Although not the primary outcome of study, this is an important finding. I am encouraged to see the reduction in persistent symptoms at 14 and 28 days after treatment with budesonide. Persistent symptoms after the initial COVID-19 illness have emerged as a long-term problem. Any intervention which could address this would be a major step forward.” 

Image Credit: NIAID. License: CC BY-SA 2.0.

10 Things Blair Waldorf taught Us About Fashion

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Calling all Upper East Siders… the return of Gossip Girl is on the horizon and we can barely contain our excitement for another era of secrets, sex, and scandal. Gossip Girl shaped us into who we are, and although there can only be one Chuck Bass, the reboot is sure to take over our lives once again. In the meantime, let’s remember the icon that is Blair Waldorf and everything she taught us about fashion over the five years she blessed our screens.

1)Sophistication above all: From grabbing coffee with S to a casual shopping spree along 5th Avenue, Blair always looks immaculate. Her sophisticated style is timeless and accessorised, of course, with pearls.

2)Having a bad day? Wear a beret… (or any hair accessory for that matter): Berets aren’t just for the French, and if anyone pulls off la mode parisienne, it’s Blair. A headband or stylish hat is the perfect way to complete and coordinate any outfit!

3)Overdressing is a myth: B has stunned in Elie Saab, Vera Wang, Oscar De La Renta: you name it, she’s worn it. She certainly knows how to dress up, yet somehow look effortlessly put together. Investing time into your appearance is a form of self-care, and any occasion, no matter how small, is an opportunity to dazzle.

4)Lingerie is everything: From chemises and Agent Provocateur corsets to her iconic lace stockings, Queen B certainly has a lingerie collection any girl would dream of. She taught us that underwear is just as important as the outfit, and that wearing it for yourself is one of the most empowering things you can do.

5)Embrace bright colours: Nothing catches the eye more than vibrance, especially during the summer months. Mix and match colours with your accessories and makeup for a stand-out look that nobody will forget. The same goes for prints – don’t be afraid to branch out of your comfort zone! After all, if there’s anything Blair Waldorf taught us, it’s that mainstream is boring.

6)But equally, monochrome is chic: You can’t go wrong with a monochromatic ensemble, especially with a pop of colour- be that a lime green clutch or red stilettos. Whether you’re begging God for forgiveness after having “surrendered your virtue to a self-absorbed ass” (s1 ep8), or attending the highly anticipated Hampton’s White Party, B’s got you covered.

7)Classy outerwear will change your life: A winter coat is a very personal choice, but Blair Waldorf seems to have you covered in every department. Whether you’re inclined towards the staple Burberry trench coat or you prefer something a bit more ‘out there’, throughout all six seasons of the show Blair’s winter wardrobe covers it all. Versatile, stylish and, most importantly, warm; classy outerwear makes it look like you have your shit together, even on the days where you don’t.

8)Don’t underestimate the power of a blazer: Timeless, preppy and chic. Even if you have no clue what you’re doing, a blazer makes it look like you do, which is basically the same thing, right?

9)If a man has great style, forgive him when he sells you for a hotel: Yes, it was a morally questionable decision. But ask yourself, will you ever meet someone who wears a Hermès silk scarf and Berluti leather loafers quite as he does? Sadly, I’m not aware of where you can purchase your own Chuck Bass, but if anyone is, please do share this information with the world. 

10)Ultimately, even on your worst days, your elegance radiates from within: Whether you’re halfway through fifth week and crippled with deadlines or heading to a 9am, hungover and wearing last night’s clothes – B shows us that sophistication comes from within. Even after marrying the wrong man and having a breakdown in the middle of JFK, Blair pulls off the questionable attire in true Waldorf style, bringing hope to us all as we attend online lectures in pyjamas, hoping our tutors don’t notice.

Artwork by Rachel Jung

Ten colleges not paying real Living Wage

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A Cherwell investigation has found that at least ten Oxford colleges were still not paying the real Living Wage of £9.30 per hour to all of their permanent employees and casual workers as of 16th December 2020.

Balliol, Brasenose, Exeter, Keble, St Anthony’s, St Catherine’s, St Edmund Hall, St John’s, Trinity, and Wolfson were all paying their lowest-earning adult workers a basic wage of less than £9.30 per hour, whilst Magdalen and Wadham have not yet responded. 

Despite the basic rate being less than £9.30 per hour, some colleges pointed out that they offered a number of benefits which provided for a total package that exceeded the real Living Wage. Wolfson College, for instance, listed amongst a long list of benefits a £200 Christmas bonus to all staff, meals whilst on duty, as well as 11 holiday days over the statutory allowance, which they claim is the equivalent to £792 per annum for a full-time employee paid £9 per hour. A spokesperson from Wolfson College told Cherwell that the basic benefits used by all staff are worth “almost £7,000, which translates into an additional £3.30 per hour on average.”

Balliol, Brasenose, Exeter, St Anthony’s, St Edmund Hall, and St John’s College stressed that it is only casual workers who are not paid the real Living Wage, and that all permanent employees are paid at least £9.30 per hour. In some cases, holiday uplift for casual workers effectively took the hourly rate to above £9.30 per hour.

Philip Parker, Chair of the Estates Bursars Committee for the Conference of Colleges told Cherwell: “College employees receive generous benefits that are not included in hourly pay calculations, including longer holidays, valuable pensions and free meals. In addition, the college data will often include students who work for the college in vacations, for example to support outreach work or commercial conferences; these students usually get subsidised accommodation.”

Cherwell’s investigation has also shown that at least 17 colleges and PPHs now have formal accreditation from the Living Wage Foundation, which means that they are formally committed to paying the real Living Wage.

The real Living Wage is different from the government’s national living wage, which was introduced in April 2016 for all staff over 25 and is currently set at £8.72 per hour. The Living Wage Foundation’s website states: “This wage [the national living wage] is not calculated according to what employees and their families need to live. […] The real Living Wage rates are higher because they are independently-calculated based on what people need to get by.” Furthermore, the real Living Wage covers all staff aged 18 and over.

The real Living Wage was increased in November 2020 to £9.50 per hour, meaning that the 17 colleges and PPHs who are accredited Living Wage Employers will have to increase their minimum hourly wage to £9.50 by 9th May 2021 at the latest. Several other colleges, despite not having formal accreditation, say that they are committed to paying in line with the recommendations of the Living Wage Foundation.

The Oxford Living Wage (OLW) is an hourly minimum wage which recognises the high cost of living in Oxford and is set annually at 95% of the London Living Wage. The University of Oxford announced last February that it was committing to paying all its employees at least the Oxford Living Wage. However, since Oxford colleges are independent employers, they were left to make their own decisions about the OLW. All Souls, Blackfriars, Campion Hall, Green Templeton, Kellogg, Merton, St Benet’s, and St Cross College were all paying at least the Oxford Living Wage of £10.21 per hour to all their workers and employees as of 16th December 2020.

A spokesperson from Oxford City Council told Cherwell: “The Oxford Living Wage has been created to promote liveable earnings for workers. It reflects the fact that Oxford is one of the most expensive cities to live in the UK, and helps accredited employers demonstrate they value their workforce. With expensive housing in the city, many workers have to choose between spending more money to live in the city, or more on travel to get to work.”

Many colleges are still far off paying all their workers a base rate of the OWL. As of 16 December 2020, 53% of adult employees, including casual workers, employed by Corpus Christi College in non-academic and non-administrative positions were paid below £10.21 per hour. At Lady Margaret Hall this figure was 53.98%, at St Catherine’s 56%, and at St Edmund Hall 59%.

A spokesperson from the Oxford City Living Wage Campaign (OCLWC) told Cherwell: “Most of the low paid, insecurely employed (“temporary”) staff who work in Oxford University Colleges are working class, female, and BAME people. Many are migrant workers who do not speak English as a first language.

“One of the main lessons of the coronavirus crisis has been to re-evaluate the status of so called unskilled and semi-skilled workers now that their economic contribution is shown to be “essential” and pivotal to the functioning of society and the economy.”

The lack of conferences this past year will have impacted some college staff, with many colleges usually offering conference bonuses for staff involved in delivering these. St Anne’s College told Cherwell: “The college under normal circumstances pays a cash bonus to some of its lower paid bursary staff. This did not occur in 2020 because of the effect of the pandemic on its conference business.”

In contrast, some colleges have recognised the negative impact of the pandemic on staff and offered additional benefits as a result. Green Templeton paid a pandemic bonus of at least £100 in November 2020, whilst Linacre paid a flat rate bonus of £500 in November 2020 to “all staff in employment on 1 November 2020 who were on a contract of 1 year or more in duration and were of university grade 9 or below […] in recognition of the commitment of all staff to overcoming the challenges caused by COVID 19.”

Philip Parker from the Conference of Colleges told Cherwell: “staff have been supported through the pandemic with jobs kept open and full pay maintained for furloughed staff, despite the very significant losses of revenue that colleges have incurred.”

The OCLWC called on “all Oxford University Colleges and institutions to harmonise their employment protocols around common wage rates at or above the OLW and to extend full employment protection to everyone who works at the University of Oxford, it’s colleges, partner institutions or [as] contractors.

“Such reforms would also lead to greater efficiency and provide visible and statistical evidence of Oxford University Colleges’ desire to change and redress historical injustices.”

Image credit: SJPrice / Pixabay

Some students can return to university from 8th March

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In a statement to the House of Commons today, the Prime Minister has announced that some university students will be able to return for in-person teaching on the 8th March, while others will have to wait until the end of the Easter holidays to find out when they can return.

Students who are undertaking practical courses, or require specialist facilities for their degrees will be able to return from the 8th March. This will also apply to any course which requires onsite access. Higher education guidance released on Gov.uk today appears to confirm this: “In addition to the students who returned to in-person teaching and learning in January, providers can resume in-person teaching and learning for undergraduate and postgraduate students who are studying practical or practice-based (including creative arts) subjects and require specialist equipment and facilities from 8 March”. The definition of “practical” has not been provided.

However, all other students will continue to work remotely for the time being. Options for a more general return to in-person teaching will be reviewed by the end of Easter: “The government will review, by the end of the Easter holidays, the options for timing of the return of remaining students. This review will take account of the latest data and will be a key part of the wider roadmap steps. Students and providers will be given a week’s notice ahead of any further return.”

The guidance for higher education providers continues that: “Providers should not offer in-person teaching before then, or later if further guidance to this effect is issued, and should encourage students to remain at their current accommodation until the resumption of their in-person teaching, wherever possible.”

The Prime Minister said that all the steps he outlined in his statement would be dependent on four tests, including the success of the vaccine rollout, the number of hospital admissions and deaths, the amount of pressure on the NHS and the impact of future mutations.

The first stage of the government’s plan for exiting lockdown involves the reopening of all schools on the 8th March, and from the 29th March meetings of up to 6 individuals or two households will be allowed outdoors. Hospitality and non-essential retail should reopen on the 12th April as part of the second stage in the government’s plan to ease lockdown restrictions. This will include hairdressers, public buildings, indoor leisure, alcohol takeaways and beer gardens.

The Prime Minister announced that the rule of six would be scrapped in May in outdoor settings in favour of a limit of thirty at gatherings. In indoor settings the maximum number of people in a group will remain six. Finally, in June the last restrictions should be lifted, with the final sectors of the economy, such as nightclubs, reopened.

In an email to students today, the university said: “The UK Government is expected to confirm arrangements for the end of the current national lockdown today (Monday 22 February), including plans for the return of students to universities. Once published, the University and colleges will urgently review the guidance and provide information for students about arrangements for Trinity term and about returning to Oxford. We expect to be in a position to write to all students by the end of this week (Friday 26 February). However, the University will not have prior sight of the guidance, and we appreciate your patience as we work through the details.”

Picture by Andrew Parsons / No 10 Downing Street.