Saturday 16th August 2025
Blog Page 1583

Interview: Sam Adams Award-Winner Thomas Fingar

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On the morning of a controversial event at the Oxford Union, Professor Thomas Fingar already knew that a certain speech made by video-link from the Ecuadorian Embassy in London was going to overshadow his own address.

Fingar, a Stanford academic, former Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis and Chairman of the National Intelligence Council, is the 2012 recipient of the Sam Adams Award for Integrity in Intelligence. The accolade acknowledges his part in the 2007 Nation- al Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iran, which found that the country had halted key parts of its nuclear weapons programme. The estimate reached a different judgment than the 2005 report, which had concluded that Iran was going ahead with “building the bomb”. A US led war on Iran seemed to be looming, but thanks to Fingar’s new intelligence work, the calls for military action died down. 

Wednesday night saw the Sam Adams Award ceremony take place at the Oxford Union. Several former recipients were due to speak, amongst them WikiLeaks founder and ‘political asylee’, Julian Assange.

Fingar said he was “pleased to be recognised” by the Sam Associates. However, Fingar added that “the televised address (by Julian Assange) is a juxtaposition that I had not anticipated.” As an intelligence professional and, crucially, as one who is considered to have shown integrity within that system, Fingar is critical of the robbery of US government documents, which were then posted on WikiLeaks. “Is it harmful? Unquestionably.” Fingar particularly pointed to the revelation of sources as “damaging to the entirety of the [intelligence] profession,” and considers the theft to be a criminal offence. “You’ve got a crime that was committed here. A theft, hundreds of thousands of documents, and a break-down in procedure that didn’t catch it earlier.”

According to Fingar, the effect will be “a degradation of information available. Where people provide the information they’ll provide it with more restraints.” “I suspect for a time there will be less detailed information supplied to diplomats (and others working with the government).” He stresses the impact this will have on intelligence analysis. “Those attempting to act with full understanding will be worse off than before. So it’ll be harder to do the job that I used to do.” It was no surprise that when asked by an undergraduate at the Union whether he had “warm words” for Assange, Fingar replied, “Good luck.”

Fingar stands in contrast to many of the whistle-blowers and campaigners with whom he shared the stage on Wednesday. He does not “equate integrity with whistle-blowing,” and firmly believes that his highly praised work on the NIE was nothing out of the ordinary. In his acceptance speech, he also sought to persuade his audience that integrity in intelligence is far from unusual.

“The quality of the work – the objectivity – is not rare, it
is the norm, by design
and reasons of pro- fessionalism,” he
had asserted ear-
lier in the day. “I
didn’t depart
from normal
procedures in
doing this.”

Fingar faces down the skepticism of many who argue that intelligence analysis is influenced by policy-makers. He says that intelligence has come a long way from the infamous 2002 report made on Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction. Damningly, he describes it as being “cobbled together in extreme haste, and reading like a legal briefing, trying to “prove the guy’s guilty. It’s a different purpose than asking, where do the facts go?”

Indeed, Fingar believes that the task “should have been redefined by George Tenet,” who was then Director of Central Intelligence. They were being asked to “tell me everything you know, not assess reliability.” It was a “data dump”, which “subordinated the role of analysis.” Despite dissenting voices on the “key nuclear information,” the “Iraq WMD paper had zero effect on policy.” And as he stresses, the point of intelligence is to supply policy-makers with the truth.   “The understanding in policy circles is that an intelligence community that doesn’t tell you the truth is completely pointless.”

He views the position of the intelligence community as “in-house experts. We’re not an opposition party, or an op-ed writer, or an out- side scholar who thinks they’re smarter than all these dumb politicians. It’s the way the system is supposed to work.” Following the debacle of the Iraq WMD paper, Fingar and others set about making sure it could not happen again. Analysts were to be specifically trained in the importance of objectivity. Draft pieces of analysis work had to undergo peer review by other analysts before being submitted to policy makers. The existence of different analytical judgments must be conveyed to policymakers, and public versions of classified documents must accurately reflect the original text. All that would be redacted was sensitive information about sources and methods of gaining information, and diplomatic process.

These procedures were firmly established by the time all 16 U.S. intelligence agencies began to compile the Iran NIE. And when it became apparent that new intelligence persuaded the Intelligence Community that it would be necessary to change a key judgment on Iran, Fingar was unconcerned about what the reaction might be. “It’s not something that we ever talked about or ever worried about. We’re not in the popularity business. Our obligation was to call it as we see it.”

Were there any negative reactions from policy staff? “No, to the contrary… Even from the president…I got a very very positive message from the president.” But Fingar was subjected to harsh attacks by certain sections of the press. Labelled as ‘hyperpartisan’ and ‘anti-Bush’, commentators called his political allegiances into question, and slandered his objectivity. Fingar dismisses this as “silly,” and points out the “comical aspect”: why would President Bush have appointed him if he was indeed anti-Bush? “Why did he put him in charge of the briefing that he gets every day? There was a factual nonsense in this. I felt no need to respond.”

The estimate had concluded that Iran had ended its weaponisation programme as early as 2003, because of pressure and scrutiny from the international community. “Diplomacy had worked. That was the conclusion that the critics clearly didn’t like.” Their attitude was, “Don’t deal with the judgement, deal with these evil miscreants in the state department. I knew that was going to have no effect on me. I did worry about the NIO (National Intelligence Officer, Vann Van Diepen), because he was younger. It probably prevented him from being nominated for a confirmable position in the State Department.”

Sitting in his Stanford House office (Fingar is teaching at Oxford this term), with snow falling outside and classical music coming from his computer, Fingar sounds his first note of regret. But his overall optimistic assessment of intelligence practices serves as a balance to the pessimistic experiences of British whistle-blowers like Annie Machon, forced to go into hiding after revealing wrong-doings by intelligence agents. The consensus amongst these former award winners? We need more Tom Fingars to help keep integrity central to intelligence.

Desert Storm? The War on Terror in Mali

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When David Cameron announced the War on Terror in North Africa would “last decades”, he was less stating a fact than describing a policy. Defence analysts the world over pricked up their ears at the news that North Africa was likely to be this young decade’s theatre of war. Mali’s ongoing conflict has made sporadic appearances in international news, most notably when the rebels seized Timbuktu in May 2012. However it dramatically returned to our news feeds as the French intervention in Mali coincided with the hostage crisis in the Amenas Gas Field in Algeria. These events set the confrontational tone for many news outlets analysis of North African conflicts, casting a simple narrative of Islamists fighting local Governments. In reality, this narrative will serve only to undermine efforts to resolve Mali’s complex conflict and address the broader questions of Terrorism in North Africa.

 

This oversimplification of Mali’s conflict into a simple story of Islamist aggression may be an effective way to sell newspapers, but is fundamentally flawed. First it ignores the role that longer history to Saharan independence movements. Following decolonisation Tuareg groups found themselves divided between Mediterranean Arabic states and West African Sahel states, often badly underrepresented in governments. Independence movements, such as the MNLA, are comparatively secular and are willing to negotiate on some form of devolved government for Malian Tuaregs. Second it treats all Islamic groups as homogenous. Not only are their considerable splits in provenance between groups such as Ansar Dine, which represent home grown Islamism and are heavily focused on Malian issues, and AQIM, which is more influenced by Al Qaeda influence. To talk of a single rebellion neglects the significant infighting between groups and misses opportunities to negotiate with and understand the differing goals of Mali’s groups.

 

Second France’s intervention with the support of the UN community and ECOWAS does not represent a fully planned and considered operation. France’s hand was forced by the rapid successes of rebel groups in Mali. Faced with intervention or the total victory of rebel groups, France was rushed into an intervention. It now privately admits militia groups have proven to be better equipped, disciplined and motivated than expected. It may well prove successful in driving the rebels from town they have captured, but stamping out the insurgency in this vast desert is an entirely different prospect. Moreover the comparative weakness of the Malian army and state calls into question the efficacy of an extensive US Military aid programme. North Africa following the Arab Spring and the fall of Gadhafi has become a considerable area of relatively lawless desert with the free movement of arms and experienced rebels. These factors significantly diminish the ability of Western nations to project influence in a sustained manner through military force.

 

These two points underline the contradiction at the heart of the West’s policy and new coverage of Mali’s “War on Terror”. While media narratives and political statements may not appear significant, in reality they have committed to a particular view of Mali’s rebels, as international Islamic extremists oppressing Mali. As such they are unwilling to negotiate with them. In so doing western government have significant limited their ability to manoeuvre and recognise the legitimate and complex questions of sovereignty in the Sahara. Combine this narrow political strategy with a daunting military problem in subjugating and controlling Northern Mali, and the narratisation of Mali’s war becomes even more significant. Even as defence establishment’s around the world consider the difficulties of the War on Terror’s second decade in North Africa, they have already tied one hand behind their back.  

Join the (singles) club!

When did it suddenly become the norm for strangers to hand out misguided, rather offensive advice? Did I miss that memo from Life? 

Clearly I did because I certainly wasn’t expecting the pep talk I received from the sales guy in Paperchase last week. I was buying place cards – something that can be done for a variety of events – when the most obtuse man on the other side of the counter pipes up…

“Are you getting married?”

“Uh…. No.”

“You seem shocked.”

“I am a little.”

“Why’s that?”

[Yes, I really did have to explain to him why I was a little surprised at firstly his forwardness and secondly, his stupidity.]

“Well, you see, I don’t have a boyfriend, let alone a fiancé. In fact, I’m not really even at that stage in my life yet I don’t think.”

“Maybe you should join a singles’ club.”

Wowowowowow … I didn’t say ‘I can’t get a boyfriend’. I said ‘I don’t have a one!’ Two very different things, my fine friend, and if I wanted your advice I would have asked, you prick.

There’s no rest for the wicked though is there?

“I mean, if you don’t have a boyfriend, who do you go to the cinema with? Or dinner?”

I said I was single. Not friendless.

UKIP Oxford Chair steps down

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The chair of UKIP’s Oxfordshire branch has resigned from her post in order to end press attention directed at her.

In May 2012, Cherwell reported the controversy over allegedly homophobic comments made by Gasper. She is also reported to have linked the Qu’ran to Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf.

Dr Julia Gasper, who has a DPhil from Somerville College, said that she resigned as the Oxford branch Chair in order to end the “press vendetta” against her.

She also stated, “I have not been chucked out of UKIP; I have offered to step down as chairman of the local branch in the belief that this is best for the party.”

The controversy arose because of a post on her blog which has since been deleted. In May 2012, Cherwell reported that she wrote, “We ought to reflect that there is a strong connection between male homosexuality and paedophilia. Why hush it up?”

Cherwell reported that Gasper continued to allege that homosexuals, “rather than claiming equality, are in many respects now claiming privilege and special treatment,” and that Gasper has called for homosexuals to express “gratitude”, as they are “completely dependent on heterosexuals to create them.”

Last year Cherwell also reported that Colin Cortbus, a former UKIP activist, forwarded an exchange of emails between himself and Gasper in which Gasper’s beliefs are restated. Within the emails she claimed, “Although gay men are only about 3 per cent of the population, they are about 50 per cent of the paedophiles.”

Her comments in the emails also concerned the nature of the Qur’an. The emails forwarded by Cortbus reported her saying, “Why is it any more wrong to assert that the Qur’an is a fascist book than to assert that Mein Kampf is a fascist book? The Qur’an is a lot more explicit in advocating hate and murder than Mein Kampf is.”

When Cherwell previously asked Gasper to comment on the allegations against her, Gasper denied that her behaviour had been homophobic, claiming, “This is a malicious witch hunt; people enjoy stirring this up. I have always been tolerant, but I have been demonised by malicious people.”

She continued, “The fact is that I have not made any public statement at any time about the Qur’an nor have I ever attacked Muslims. I have many Muslim friends and work with them on a daily basis. I am entitled to my private opinions about any book.”

Gasper also argued that, “Anyone who wants to find out the truth about UKIP needs to go and look at our own websites. The ignorance and naïveté of modern students about political matters is absolutely shocking.”

When approached, the UKIP Press Office was reluctant to comment, but eventually stated, “She’s gone, she’s resigned, she is no longer the Chairman. She offered her resignation. We accepted it.” They added that they did not know when a new Chairman would be appointed.

Regarding her resignation, Gasper denied any claims that she was forced out, saying, “The point of it is not to punish me, but simply to put an end to the press vendetta against me.” The UKIP Press Office added, “We are not prescriptive of our members except when in positions of responsibility.”

Some students disagreed with Gasper’s resignation. Ben Rosenbaum, a second-year PPEist at St Anne’s, said, “I think it’s a massive shame that Julia Gasper has resigned – her near farcical levels of bigotry and ignorance have kept UKIP far, far away from Oxford City Council seats over the past few years. If only she’d been a tiny bit more conceited, she might have stayed on and ruined UKIP’s electoral chances in Oxford forever.”

Tom Oakley, a student at Hertford College, commented, “In an era of spin it’s quite refreshing to see a wannabe politician unafraid to ‘tell it like it is’ – or at least her version of events. I believe in freedom of speech and she’s entitled to hold her ridiculous views.”

Others applauded the resignation. Andrew Hall, St Anne’s LGBTQ JCR Rep, claimed, “Rhetoric such as that of Julia Gasper is irresponsible and unfounded. Her treatment of homosexuality and paedophilia highlights her ignorance and I’m sure I’m not the only one glad to hear of her resignation.”

One St Anne’s student opined, “Quite clearly Dr Gasper’s views don’t belong in the 19th century let alone the 21st. How someone as ignorant and detached from reality as this ever achieved a PhD here is beyond me.”

A Big Night Out

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Meet Clive Martin, who last year graduated from London Met – one of the country’s worst universities – and is now one of the best British writers for the notorious Vice magazine. Clive came to fame this year in his ‘Big Night Out In…..’ series, where Clive documents his experience on the different weird and wonderful nights out across Britain – from the rich clubs in Chelsea to lads’ nights out in Newcastle to fetish parties in Soho. 

His articles are densely packed with incisive references to every corner of British popular culture, and his hilarious candour and cynicism have carved out a place for the 24-year old as one of Britain’s best up-and-coming writers. If you haven’t yet read any of his articles, you’ve a lot to look forward to.

We met in a typically hipster bar in Shoreditch outside the Vice offices last week to discuss his experience of British nightlife.

 

Cherwell: What was your most memorable night out in Vice’s ‘Big Night Out In….’ series?

Clive Martin: The most visceral experience was when I went on a night out with the self-proclaimed ‘Britain’s biggest lads’ at Newcastle University. I’m still slightly recovering from that night. It was fantasmagoric, just so intense.

 

You mentioned being fascinated with a distinct lack of drug culture amongst ‘Lads’ groups like those – why do you think that is?

Well these ‘lads’ are guys who did the 11+, they got into private school and since then they’ve been told their whole life that they’re winners. And they see drugs as something that creeps and ‘weirdos’ do, so they seem to treble their own alcohol intake to make up for that. They seem to find the idea of drugs bizarre, alien and metropolitan. 

Also I think they see something a little bit gay about drugs – on drugs people lose their inhibitions and start hugging each other and being quite romantic and they can’t really handle that, whereas on alcohol you can rage all night long. On the other hand most of them will probably go and get jobs in the city and become roaring cokeheads.

 

Do you think Britain really enjoys their experiences on nights out?

We do enjoy our nights out but I think people feel obliged to enjoy them, so you see people trying really, really hard to enjoy themselves, really forcing themselves to have a positive experience. Whereas in London when people go out and it’s shit, people will realise it’s shit and you’ll get people sitting in bars being miserable.

I’ve got a theory that you never hear anyone ‘Woo!’-ing or ‘woop-ing’ if they’re actually having fun – it’s just a fake sound. You go to places like Newcastle and it’s full of girls doing that and screaming “We’re having such a great time!”

 

You’ve described a lot of student nights out as full of people “doing their best impressions of having fun”…..

When you look at university culture, outside of Oxbridge, and perhaps trendy Brighton where children of rich hippies go, every university scene is essentially the same. From the good ones like Bristol to the bottom of the barrel ones like Sunderland, it’s completely homogenous, a completely uniform experience.

 

And the same goes for the people dancing?

Dancing should simply be a natural reaction to a good tune, but you go to so many clubs and it’s a mix of disingenuous dancing, and slightly ironic, slightly pretending to be more out there than you actually are.

You’ll ask people for a photo and they’ll have looked quite normal and then in front of the camera they’ll flail their arms out as if they’ve been downing bottles of tequila all night, trying their hardest to make themselves look shit-faced

 

Is Britain good at dancing?

Certainly not Caucasian, high-street Britain.

 

Were there any big influences on your ‘Big Night Out In…’ series?

The Streets’ first album Original Pirate Material is one of the best documents of British existence even though it’s ten years old.

 

Is British nightlife friendly in general?

In general yes but everywhere you get pockets of aggression. The general vibe is friendly, people together trying to have fun, get drunk, get laid. Shows like Boozed Britain where people are puking up in ambulances and glassing each other aren’t representative really.

 

As a writer for Vice, the cult following it has seems to be balanced by the constant supply of haters and indignant, offended readers. Do you enjoy recognition from readers or do you thrive on the haters?

People saying an article is really good is nice but with Vice articles, there will always be people who hate on it and nit-pick. There always seems to be someone saying “you need to come down where I come from and I’ll teach you”. The editors of Vice certainly enjoy seeing people get wound-up by our work.

 

Are you pessimistic about the future of youth culture?

I’m pessimistic about the future because young people have no music of their own. I remember dubstep when I was young and it first came out with the likes of Digital Mystikz and Skream in Croydon, and nothing’s changed, young people are just listening to a watered-down version of it.

As well as the lack of music, teenagers seem soft and don’t seem to cause any trouble. They’re not going to be able to cope with the world. When I was a kid we were into terrible stuff – new metal, BB guns and I don’t see that from them – they just want to take pictures of themselves and comb their hair.

The man with the golden camera

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Alex Thomson is one of the most important and influential televi­sion journalists in the UK today. He is a regular presenter and chief correspondent for Channel 4 News and has been involved in some the most important news stories in the past decade. No stranger to con­troversial situations, he has reported from places like Northern Ireland during its latest troubles, Syria during its civil war, and more recently from Kelvin MacKenzie’s front door, leading to the infamous ‘doorstepping video’ that can be found on YouTube from last year.

It is with this in mind that I ring his number, panicking quietly as it connects. One Cherwell journalist to another, I keep telling myself. I’ve been lucky enough to get him on a day when he is free: not only is he frequently out of the country reporting, but when he is at home, he has two young sons, George and Henry, to look after.

After a few polite preliminaries, I open by asking him about his time at Oxford. Thomson studied at University College between 1980- 1983, the golden Thatcherian years.

“We liked to wreck things” he tells me. “ A lot of graduate recruiters at that time had links with the apartheid regime in South Africa, so we got in the way and exposed them.” It is at this point that I discover that he too wrote for Cherwell while at Oxford, where he picked up a taste for exposing foul play early on in his ca­reer.

Thomson fills me in briefly on his busy ca­reer: after graduating from Oxford, he was faced with the option of doing a postgrad­uate degree in journalism, or scraping along near the bottom of a local paper “making the tea and unwrapping the custard creams”. In the end, he tells me, he opted for a postgrad jour­nalism course at Cardiff. He then briefly worked as a researcher on ‘Wales Today’, before tak­ing up a much sought after traineeship at the BBC, then cycling around India for a year, a story which he tells in his book Ram Ram India.

Back at the BBC he worked in Northern Ireland, where he was a reporter on the cur­rent affairs prog r a m “ S p o t ­light”. He was involved in producing a documentary about the shooting of three unarmed people in Gi­braltar by the SAS.

The Thatcher government, uneasy about this, attempted to cut some of the programme.

“I felt this was censorship,” he says, “so I re­taliated by leaking that the government had tried to censor the documentary.” Simple as that. It seems his taste for exposing foul play had begun to take a front seat early on for Thomson.

“After that my position at the BBC was unten­able,” Thomson reflects. “Luckily I got offered a job at Channel 4 where I have been ever since.”

We turn to his cur­rent role as chief correspondent for Channel 4 News. “At Channel 4 investi­gations are long-running, so things resurface, and you often get to come back to investiga­tions and stories many years later”. In the 1990s the Northern Ireland situation resurfaced, in the form of the Saville Inquiry.

“We’d interviewed a number of sources over Bloody Sunday,” Thomson explains. “Many were anonymous sources who wanted, with­out any consideration of financial gain, to let the world know what had gone on.”

The Saville Inquiry asked Thomson to re­veal these sources, but as he says, “to reveal sources who had put themselves at risk would have been against my integrity as a journalist, and a breach of confidence.” For a while he was threatened with contempt of court and even imprisonment, but in the end it came to noth­ing.

For a man who spends a lot of time in the public eye, his private life offers little relief. In 2000, Alex became a father to George and Henry. Henry is autistic, and I ask how the experience of raising an autistic child has affected him. “My wife Sa­rah is an investigative journalist,” he says, “so over the years she has acquired the skills to get inside systems and institutions, and if need be, fight them.”

For many years, the couple had to fight local authorities in order to obtain the care that Henry needed. It seems to have been a tough struggle for both of them: “It was a hell of a fight, but in the end we got what we wanted, and now Henry is flourishing at school.”

I bring the topic up to the present day, relishing the chance to ask the man who edits Channel 4 News what he actually think of current affairs. I am intrigued, for instance, to know what his thoughts are on the recent publication of the findings of the Leveson in­quiry.

“Well, it was cer­tainly a very in­teresting piece of theatre,” he muses. “Not very relevant to the realm of television j ou r n a l i s m though. The things that the News of the World was ac­cused of were al­ready illegal: it is illegal to hack some­one’s phone, and it is illegal to pervert the course of justice, there’s no denying that.”

“But what was interesting is the revelation that successive judg­es, chief constables and Prime Ministers have been systematically intimidated by the tabloid press. The power of blackmail that they have is both corrupt and corrosive; those in power are in thrall to it. In my opinion Rupert Murdoch is one of the greatest threats to the institutions of this country.” This is clearly a man who un­derstands these scandals, and whose strong views are informed by the perils of his job.

It is no surprise, then, that his view on the recommendations of the report are just as forcefully expressed: “I believe that if tabloids wish to turn over someone’s private life, then you should first go to the courts, and have to prove it is really in the public interest. If the Archbishop of Canterbury commits adultery, or it’s politician who speaks about ‘family val­ues’ then yes it is in the public interest, but if it’s someone like a footballer who has said nothing about ‘family values’ then no, it just isn’t.” He takes this further: “It is our right not to live in a system of corporatised blackmail”.

[mm-hide-text]%%IMG6820%%[/mm-hide-text]

I ask him about his ‘door-stepping’ video in­volving Kelvin MacKenzie. It was an incident memorable enough, to make it onto Charlie Brooker’s 2012 wipe.

Alex went to interview Kelvin MacKenzie last year at his own home, only to be ignored and eventually have a car door slammed on him. He remains pragmatic in his stance on this: “A number of things need to be said here. First, if you dish it out, you should be able to take it. Second, he has never explained why he over­ruled his own journalists over Hillsborough. We emailed him beforehand and went round to interview him without cameras originally, playing everything by the rules. When I came round the first time, he told me to ‘fuck off’ and then slammed the door in my face.” A horrible incident to happen to any journalist, but this seems to be a regular occurrence for Thomson, a man who in any case reported from some of the most dangerous political warzones of this decade.

But a good journalist never gives up, and fol­lowing this incident, he then went round a sec­ond time, with cameras, and the events were captured on camera as visual evidence. “In my view, his behaviour was farcical and he made a public idiot of himself.”

He notes, “In the end, we got nine complaints to Ofcom. Since we did everything by the book, it wasn’t overruled, and to cap it all 1000 peo­ple liked the video on YouTube.”

Political warzones, hacking scandals and leaking news are all in a day’s work. But what about when Thomson isn’t reporting to a back­drop of Syrian gunfire? “I do enjoy swimming, particularly in the sea at Whitby, on the York­shire coast. I did a marathon last year, but aside from the fact I did it for charity it was a pretty daft thing to do to my body!”

Finally, I ask if I can have a photo for our in­terview. He replies, “It would probably be best for you to use one of me in the field, as that’s where

A long-standing, silent struggle

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At what point does being sad be­come depression? At what point does a pessimistic point of view become a problem? When does apathy about your very exist­ence become dangerous? These are questions that far too many people have to ask themselves nowadays, hid­den by a cloud of their own guilt and shame, unable to find help, left to flounder, seeking solace in silence.

I know because I’ve been there, and all the time I was struggling with my own mind, those around me were finding it very difficult to deal with me too. Depression is seen as an issue to be swept under the carpet, and yet it is an ill­ness which affects around one in four people each year. It is thus more prevalent than many other conditions which are equally as devastat­ing, but clearly something distinguishes it in our minds. Is it fear? A lack of understanding or ability to empathize? The fact that the long-standing silent struggle of depression suffer­ers has rendered the issue inaccessible to the average (I use this word loosely) person?

A few months ago, just before leaving for a year abroad, I decided I’d had enough of hiding away in the shadows of my own mind. I sudden­ly needed to expel the negativity I felt, to show people I was no longer afraid, and I wrote it all down. I published a blog, which I now use just so people know I haven’t got lost somewhere on the continent, and I told a bit of my story. Not all of it, because sometimes some things do need to be left unsaid, but enough so that I hoped people might understand.

The response I received was astounding; peo­ple I would never have imagined struggling with anything told me how my words echoed with how they had felt at some point in their life, and people who had never been depressed said they had gained some insight into what it can do to someone. I realised that the reason I had received these responses was because what I had done was so out of the blue, and so rare. This is the problem: those who have it are so quiet and ashamed that they leave every­one else blocked out from their pain, and that evolves into a fear and uncertainty surround­ing the entire issue.

It becomes easier to describe each time I try now. Things happen, life pushes you along, throwing all sorts of things at you which you must try and bat right back, and it just isn’t al­ways possible. Sometimes you miss, and those things start to knock you down, and eventually you end up on your knees, struggling to keep going. But that isn’t depression, although it is different for everyone. I think I would describe it as it is an emotional and physical manifesta­tion of an unbearable, draining, chronic sad­ness which is so deep rooted you cannot escape it. It’s there, living in your mind, and no matter what you do, it will always outrun you.

Depression crept up on me. At first I was con­vinced I hadn’t changed, but now I see that I had. I became irrationally worried about the tiniest of things, I stopped going out, leaving the house, leaving my room. I cried at any­thing, everything and nothing. I was tired all of the time but couldn’t sleep, my work as good as stopped. At that point, tutors got involved (of course), they encouraged me to get help. I rejected it. I didn’t want help, because this was all my fault, I didn’t deserve help, no one could help me anyway; this was just how I was. Things got worse, I became so caught up in my own mind that I felt that the only way to stop feeling so disconnected from anything physi­cal was to hurt myself, to use pain to bring me back to some semblance of the real, physical world. I was lost, and sure I would never find myself or a way out of what was happening to me and so I started considering ‘a way out’ in another sense. Soon after I realised that this was not normal and that I had changed far more than I ever thought I could.

It was at the point that I realised I had be­come dangerous to myself that I went back to my tutors, tried counselling (and absolutely hated it), went to doctors. The medication I was on made me sick, dizzy and constantly tired. I was so ill at the start I felt worse, but some­thing was different. I had regained some moti­vation. I started venturing out again, but this wasn’t easy at first. Feeling ready for the world only lasted for short bursts of time, resulting, for example, in one hideously em­barrassing incident where a tutor happened across me crying under a sink in my faculty library. But once the physi­cal reaction to the drugs had stopped, I was simply being. I certainly didn’t feel any better. But I also didn’t feel worse. I was just tired. I was sleeping for most of the hours of the day. I was allowed to miss essay after essay; it was a weird limbo.

However, slowly but surely I started achiev­ing more. Not necessarily feeling happier, although I did sometimes, but coping and do­ing things in spite of how I felt was a big step. What I have realised is that the medication is not there to fix your brain for you: that’s your job. It’s about working out how your own brain works; all the while it is trying to trip you up. A battle of the same will, one might say. I guess my point here is that it isn’t easy. In fact, it is the exact opposite, but it’s probably going to be worth it, because you’re guaranteed to get somewhere, as long as you are willing to fight through how you feel. It isn’t a question of be­ing able to do it; it’s a question of wanting to.

What is easy for me to see is that my year abroad could not have come at a better time. Although I was devastated to have to leave so many people in Oxford who I loved, and who had been all of the support I had needed over the past year, an escape from the pressure here was a breath of fresh air. Of course, I had new battles to fight, and I had to learn all over again how to cope – because now I really was alone. I couldn’t just call someone to come and sit with me for some time until the feelings had started to pass.

However, this has been good for me. I could never have managed it straight away but I have come far enough in my recovery that time was now all I needed. Being in France has given me that; I don’t have essays to write every week, or numer­ous lengthy commitments every day. If I ever feel that I just can’t cope with something, lying down and closing my eyes until it goes away is a real possibility now. Of course that has made a huge differ­ence; it hasn’t made me bet­ter, but it’s given me the chance to help myself.

Telling people you are struggling is never easy, it’s like admitting to all your personal faults and weaknesses at once. And asking for help is even worse, especially if you are as stubborn as I am! But it’s worth it, because suffering from depression is so unbelievably hard. I found it nigh on impossible to help my­self when I felt I was doing it alone, and even though those you love may not understand why or how, or what to do to help, at the very least talking can help. Plus, they might sur­prise you, and themselves, with what they can do to help you.

I’m still not on a clear track to being com­pletely better: on the whole I cope now, and am generally happier on a day to day basis. I’m becoming the person I remember again. But I am wary, because depression has this sneaky way of tricking you. It can make you believe anything is true because it is your own mind talking to you, but it is a warped version of re­ality or fantasy that you are being fed, and it is so important to remember that. For me, the most important point I’ve drawn from this is that you have to talk about it, to those close to you, to others who feel the same, whether you know them or not. Because they are the people who can stop you from losing yourself. So tell some­one, and talk, make them or let them understand, because in the end, I bet what you are most afraid of is yourself. And believe me, if you’ve got the courage to talk to someone properly, there is nothing to be afraid of.

Focus on… Dance in Oxford

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Dream Again Dance Co. is a newly formed Oxford-based dance com- pany, making it the second to be founded here in the last two years. Impressive, you may say; that’s a fair amount of dancing going on. However, consider the fact that there have only been three theatrical dance shows put on in Ox- ford over the last four years, that Dream Again Dance is currently made up of solely female dancers, and that perhaps dance has not had the same spotlight shone on it as, say, the dra- ma and music scenes. That’s not to say the students of Oxford do not enjoy dancing. Indeed, anyone unhinged enough to grace the floors of Park End even mildly sober on a Wednesday night will be able to confirm that dancing is spectacularly indulged in by many. Thankfully, this is not what Emily Romain, Artistic Director of Dream Again Dance and co-choreographer for their upcoming show Dull Roots, Spring Rain, has in mind when she talks about dance. “We are trying to set up something that is looking at dance artistically, rather than competitively. There’s one other company [in Oxford], the Broad Street Dancers, but they’re more focused on doing lots of different styles of pure dance, and less focused on creating a more artistically cohesive theatre piece – that’s what we want to do.” And it looks like they are going to. Dull Roots, Spring Rain, which is to be performed at the Ke- ble O’Reilly theatre in 4th week is set to bring to the audience what sounds like an ambitious contemporary ballet piece. Romain explained, “It is a three-part dance show, thematically

linked, in which the central piece tells the sto- ry of Persephone in the underworld. That was our starting point for the show; the other two pieces are more abstract, which we developed out of the Persephone story. Overall, we are exploring the idea of grow- ing up and moving on, and reconciling one- self with the present after something has happened, after some innocence is lost. So in terms of Persephone’s story, the focus is very much on her journey in the underworld; how she loses her innocence and her girlhood, and how she moves through that.” Dream Again Dance is mainly a contempo- rary dance company, which Romain admits “has always been a niche thing”, placed on the same cultural level as opera and difficult to make accessible to a large proportion of the general public. In the past decade, dance as an art form has arguably been overshadowed by popular TV dance shows; watching Strictly

Come Dancing one would be forgiven for think- ing that dancing to tell a story or express meaning outside of a competitive arena had been relegated to the confines of grand thea- tres at high prices. However, the contemporary dance scene would appear to be experiencing something of a boom, with fashion designers and film directors choosing to work with bal- let companies. For example, Darren Aronof- sky’s Black Swan, despite the criticisms it met from actual dancers concerning the portrayal of the ballerinas, gave ballet a much-needed boost. Yet the theatres, at least in Oxford, seem “scared of dance because they think it won’t sell”. Romain, a life-long dancer herself and a very active member of the Oxford theatrical community, hopes to change this by getting more people involved and thus improving the overall standard, creating a company all about “pure dance”.

Preview: Dull Roots, Spring Rain

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Cherwell’s verdict: Promising but far from perfect.

Dull Roots, Spring Rain is a three part dance piece from the newly formed Dream Again Dance Company. The title perfectly summarises the state of Dull Roots, Spring Rain at this moment in time; somewhat insipid but with the potential to be so much greater.

Emily Romain, the Artistic director, describes the show as a “poignant exposition of the universal theme of growing up,” but what I encountered was not quite this. Of course the pieces were saturated with solemnity and contemplation, but the three interlinked dance pieces would be better described as an introduction to the themes and conventions of contemporary dance.

The show will last for only one hour and twenty minutes, short enough to keep the attention of contemporary dance virgins, but long enough to satisfy those with a more trained eye. The central themes of maturation and forgiveness are easily relatable and are portrayed well by the talented dance company.

The show comprises three separate but thematically linked pieces: Spring, Rain and Roots. I was only shown Roots and Rain, but I was pleasantly surprised by the quality of the pieces. Roots explores the Greek myth of Persephone and the two other pieces also draw inspiration from this story. The combination of ancient myth and modern form worked surprisingly well together, although at points Roots seemed a bit forced. This is evident in the choice of title, a quote from T S Eliot’s The Waste Land. In order to convey the loss of innocence, the piece was overwhelmed by symbolism. The costumes will be black for parts of the piece and white for others and there will be projections depicting the story on the back wall. I found these additions slightly excessive, though as a newcomer to contemporary dance I accept they may be necessary to aid understanding.

The skill of the Romain, her co-choreographer and her dancers was obvious from the pieces, and the selection of music was also very apt. However, I did feel at points like the use of props, including white cardboard boxes, somewhat detracted from the dances.

Dull Roots, Spring Rain is an interesting introduction into the world of contemporary dance. Given a few more weeks to fully integrate the props and lighting into the piece, Dull Roots, Spring Rain could be a provocative piece of contemporary dance.

Where have all the good shops gone?

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You only have to walk down St. Giles to see one of the numerous casualties of the economic downturn. In October, JJB Sports became one of the 194 businesses that entered administration in the last 12 months, joining a host of high street names, including Clinton Cards, Comet and Blacks. With a contraction of 0.3% in the UK’s GDP in the last few months of 2012, and with Deloitte declaring it had taken over the operations of Blockbuster on January 16th, it would seem that 2013 could be another year where big names get publicity for all the wrong reasons – but why is it that an average of one retailer a week shut up shop in 2012?

Economists have a concept called ‘the shutdown condition’. Essentially, a company is better off producing nothing than producing any positive amount of goods if the price it gets for its products is less than the cost of producing the product, ignoring the ‘fixed costs’, like shop rental. Even if you discount the cost of renting the shop, the remaining costs, like paying staff and buying stock, are very expensive, and if revenue is not high enough to cover these, then the retailer can cut its losses by shutting down.

So why wouldn’t revenue be high enough? You would think that for a retailer like HMV, where they can buy stock well in advance ‘on speculation’ (i.e. expecting people to purchase it in the future), they would be able to turn a good profit. Unfortunately, without sufficient footfall in their shops, no retailer has a chance of turning a profit, regardless of how low the costs of procuring stock. Retailers like HMV, Jessops and Comet faced competition not only from their direct competitors, but from online outfits like Amazon, and from companies which could cross-subsidise their sales – Sainsbury’s for example, was able to sell blockbuster game ‘Modern Warfare 2’ more cheaply than most specialist stores because it would cover the relative losses with its profits from food sales. The profits from HMV’s retail arm fell from £24 million in 2011 to £1.3 million in 2012, a sign of just how dire the situation had become. This didn’t even correspond to a rise in the profits of their competitors – the Game Group entered administration last year, having reported multiple profit warnings to its investors in 2011, and with reports that suppliers were unwilling to do business because of unpaid bills.

However, it’s not just the existence of competitors that has driven many retailers into administration; a general change in technology has heralded the fall of retailers who were reliant upon now-defunct goods, like Jessops and GAME. Jessops specialised in digital cameras and accessories, and yet most smartphones now have cameras that can take pictures and record in high definition. Similarly, Blockbuster, 2013’s first high-profile casualty, specialised in video and DVD rental, but the rise of Lovefilm, Netflix and other download-orientated retailers with much lower costs (and who could charge less) left them unable to compete. Does this mean the demise of these companies was inevitable? No – but they had to be able to adapt. Names like WHSmith diversified into e-books in reaction to the success of the Kindle, and Jessops attempted to emphasise its photo-printing service and the sales of accessories to cameras. For WHSmith, they were moderately successful, with profits of £102 million reported last October; for Jessops however, even that was not enough in a rapidly changing business environment.

So, what’s the impact in the long term? The fact is that 2013 will definitely see more high-street names close, possibly for good if buyers cannot be found. If retailers don’t close, they will definitely downsize or reconsider their position – one reason for WHSmith’s resilience is that its Chief Executive, Kate Swann, has shifted the emphasis of the business away from the entertainment sector towards stationery. But does the collapse of so many big names mean the end of the high street? Not necessarily, for administration does not mean a retailer is gone for good – GAME, now owned by a private investment firm, is reported to be looking to purchase numerous stores formerly owned by its rival, HMV.

The most important lesson for high-street retailers is that the business world is changing, and reliance on past success as an indicator of prosperity in the future is a mistake. It is inevitable that some big names will close, but for those who survive, there are unparalleled opportunities to expand in response to the rise of internet shopping and shopping via smartphone apps. There are benefits to having physical shops on the high street for a retailer, but they cannot be its only source of income; in order to succeed it would seem, retailers need strong sales online as well as on the high street.